Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Fundamentals > Allergy > Flashcards

Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

S__IT is associated w/a lower incidence of anaphylaxis compared to S__IT.

A

**Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) **is associated w/a lower incidence of anaphylaxis compared to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anaphylaxis and Allergies are what type of Hypersensitivity Reactions?

A

Type I (immediate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Transfusion reaction, Bullous pemphigoid, and Goodpasture syndrome are what type of Hypersensitivity Reactions?

A

Type II (cytotoxic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Serum sickness, PSGN (poststrep glomerulonephritis), lupus nephritis are what type of Hypersensitivity Reactions?

A

Type III (immune complex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Contact dermatitis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Granulomatous diseases (sarcoidosis, Tb), and Tuberculin skin test are what type of Hypersensitivity Reactions?

A

Type IV (delayed types)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The following Humoral components apply to which type of Hypersensitivity reaction?
* IgE

A

Type I
immediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The following Humoral components apply to which type of Hypersensitivity reaction?
* IgG
* IgM
* Complement activation

A

Type II
cytotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The following Humoral components apply to which type of Hypersensitivity reaction?
* Deposition of Ab-Ag complexes
* Complement activation

A

Type III
immune complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The following Humoral components apply to which type of Hypersensitivity reaction?
* None

A

Type IV
delayed types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The following Cellular components apply to which Type of Hypersensitivity reaction?
* Basophils
* Mast cells

A

Type I
immediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The following Cellular components apply to which Type of Hypersensitivity reaction?
* NK cells
* Eosinophils
* Neutrophils
* Macrophages

A

Type II
cytotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The following Cellular components apply to which Type of Hypersensitivity reaction?
* Neutrophils

A

Type III
immune complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The following Cellular components apply to which Type of Hypersensitivity reaction?
* T cells
* Macrophages

A

Type IV
delayed types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Grasses are most pronounced during what time of year?

A

Summer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Molds and pets can be a source of allergy symptoms during which time of year?

A

Perennially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cromolyn is a ___ cell stabilizer, used to treat allergic rhinitis.

A

mast cell stabilizer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cromolyn must be taken _____ to be effective, and can take several wks before improvement is noted.

A

Cromolyn must be taken prophylactically to be effective, and can take several wks before improvement is noted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which is the endpoint of intradermal testing

A

D.
One injects incrfeasing concentrations until a wheal 2mm larger is produced. If the following wheal size is larger by at least 2mm, then the initial positive wheal is considered the endpoint and the subsequent wheal is the confirmatory wheal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 are involved in ___ inflammation

A

Allergic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

IL-__ is an acute phase protein that promotes B/T cell differentioation

A

IL-6 is an acute phase protein that promotes B/T cell differentioation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

IL-__ promotes hematopoeisis and can promote recruitment of eosinophils and basophils.

A

IL-3 promotes hematopoeisis and can promote recruitment of eosinophils and basophils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

IL-__ promotes differentiation of TH17 cells and mediates acute phase reactions.

A

IL-1 promotes differentiation of TH17 cells and mediates acute phase reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

IL-__ is produced by TH1 cells

A

IL-2 is produced by TH1 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The serum specific ___/___ ratio is a predictor of favorable clinical response to allergen specific immunotherapy.

A

The serum specific IgE/total IgE ratio is a predictor of favorable clinical response to allergen specific immunotherapy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Most ____ *(meds)* can inhibit the skin's wheal-and-flare response and are recommended to be stopped 48-72hrs before testing.
Antihistamines
26
Antihistamines can inhibit the skin's wheal-and-flare response and are recommended to be stopped ___ - ___hrs before testing.
48-72hrs
27
Oral ___ has not been shown to interfere w/skin prick testing.
Oral corticosteroids
28
activated T helper 1 (th1) cells secrete which chemokines? 1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ___
activated T helper 1 (th1) cells secrete which chemokines? 1. IL-2 2. TFN-beta 3. IFN-gamma
29
IL-__ is important in immune suppression, and is secreted by monocytes, macrophages, T, B, and dendritic cells
IL-10
30
Aspirin desensitization *decreases* the _____, asthma symptoms, and need for revision sinus surgery.
Aspirin desensitization *decreases* the **# of URIs**, asthma symptoms, and need for revision sinus surgery.
31
Aspirin desensitization *decreases* the # of URIs, _____, and need for revision sinus surgery.
Aspirin desensitization *decreases* the # of URIs, **asthma symptoms**, and need for revision sinus surgery.
32
Aspirin desensitization *decreases* the # of URIs, asthma symptoms, and _____.
Aspirin desensitization *decreases* the # of URIs, asthma symptoms, and **need for revision sinus surgery**.
33
Aspirin inhibits cyclo-oxygenase (COX1/2) and therefore decreases _____ and _____ production.
Aspirin inhibits cyclo-oxygenase and therefore decreases ***prostaglandin*** and ***thromboxane (TXA2)*** production.
34
Aspirin inhibits COX1/2 and therefore decreases prostaglandin and thromboxane production. The arachidonic acid pathway is then shifted toward ___ production.
Aspirin inhibits COX1/2 and therefore decreases prostaglandin and thromboxane production. The arachidonic acid pathway is then shifted toward **leukotriene** production via action in lipoxygenase.
35
Ig__ is most efficient in complement fixation.
IgM
36
A flashpoint response during intradermal dilutional testing is a _____, and testing should be stopped and attempted at a later date.
A flashpoint response during intradermal dilutional testing is a **vigorous positive wheal**, and testing should be *stopped* and *attempted at a later date*.
37
A RAST is more ______*(sensitive/specific)*, but less ______*(sensitive/specific)* than skin testing?
A RAST is more **specific**, but less **sensitive** than skin testing?
38
An in-vitro test is a ___ test.
blood test
39
RAST stands for a ___.
Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST)
40
Deficiency of which IgG subclass is most common in **children**?
IgG2
41
Deficiency of which IgG subclass is the most common** hypogammaglobulin deficiency in adults**?
IgG3
42
Which IgG subclass composes the **majority** of total serum IgG, and is rarely deficient?
IgG1
43
_ to kill house dust mites reduce **both** allergen level and symptoms.
Acaricides (pesticides)
44
Although the mechanism for **AERD (aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease)** is not fully understood, the increase in ___ and decrease in PGE2 is a driving force in its pathogenesis.
Although the mechanism for **AERD (aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease)** is not fully understood, the *increase* in **Cys-LT (cysteinyl LT)** , which can cause *bronchoconstriction*, and decrease in PGE2 is a driving force in its pathogenesis. | COX-1 inhibition diverts metabolism of arachidonic acid producing CysLT
45
Selective COX-___ inhibitors (Celecoxib) are well tolerated in patients w/aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease.
Selective **COX-2 inhibitors (Celecoxib)** are well tolerated in patients w/aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease. | have no impact on the production of Cys-LT, which can cause bronchoconst
46
The ___ immune system comrpises: * skin * toll-like receptors * antibmicrobial peptides * phagocytes * NK cells * Complement system
The **innate immune system** comrpises: * skin * toll-like receptors * antibmicrobial peptides * phagocytes * NK cells * Complement system
47
The ___ immune system comrpises: * B cells * T cells
The **adaptive immune system** comrpises: * B cells * T cells
48
30-50% of pts w/latex allergies will have allergies to ___, ___, and /or ___.
avocados, kiwis, and/or chestnuts
49
The dose of epi in adults is ___ mg (1mg/1mL) IM.
The dose of epi in adults is** 0.3-0.5 mg** (1mg/1mL) IM.
50
The dose of epi in kids is ___.
0.01 mg/kg
51
What food allergy is **least** likely to resolve with age, in young children with h/o atopic dermatitis, asthma, and cow's milk intorlerance?
Tree nuts
52
Serum tryptase levels with anaphylaxis will remain elevated for up to ___hrs.
6hrs
53
The Ig class is determined by the ___ chain.
heavy chain
54
The light and hevy chain contribute to the ___ site on the immunoglobulin.
Ag binding site (Fab, N-terminus)
55
The ___ chain makes up the constant segment (Fc, C-terminus)
Heavy chain
56
Ig __ is a divalent immunoglobulin secreted into secretions.
IgA
57
Ig __ is present in trace amounts in the serum, with unknown purpose
IgD
58
Ig __ is the only antibody type to cross the placenta.
IgG
59
Guess this disease
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton's) *characterized by low levels of IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgM. Caused by a tyrosine kinase deficiency that prevents maturation of B cells and manifests around 6mos of age*
60
Compared to oral antihistamines or intranasal corticosteroids *for allergic rhinitis*, how effective is **montelukast**?
Less effective
61
Montelukast is a ___ receptor antagonist.
Montelukast is a **leukotriene receptor antagonist**, used frequently to treat asthma.
62
A *topical steriod* in addition to *topical antihistamine* has been shown to ___ *(improve/worsen)* symptoms in a faster and more complete manner compared to either med alone or placebo.
A *topical steriod* in addition to *topical antihistamine* has been shown to **improve** symptoms in a faster and more complete manner compared to either med alone or placebo.
63
Intranasal corticosteroids help block the ___ phase allergic reaction, thus reducing inflammation and improving nasal congestion.
Intranasal corticosteroids help block the **late** phase allergic reaction, thus reducing inflammation and improving nasal congestion.
64
Omalizumab (xolair) has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of allergic___ and allergic ____.
Omalizumab (xolair) has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of **allergic rhinitis** and **allergic asthma**.
65
CD20, CD19, and CD22 are markers found on ___ cells.
B lymphocytes
66
___Immunotherapy increases IL-10 and ___ levels and suppresses IgE-mediated degranulation, mast cells, and memory B cells.
Immunotherapy increases **IL-10** and **IgG4** levels and suppresses IgE-mediated degranulation, mast cells, and memory B cells.
67
Within a LN, B cells mostly reside in the ___.
Cortex
68
Within a LN, T cells mostly reside in the ___.
Paracortex
69
The _____ contains B cells, T cells, and Ag presenting cells.
The **medulla** contains B cells, T cells, and Ag presenting cells.
70
SCIT requires a total duration of treatment of ___ time.
3-5 years
71
**Azelastine** is a __ receptor antagonist used to treat allergic, non-allergic and vasomotor rhinitisl.
second-generation H1 receptor antagonist
72
___ inhibits production of IL-4.
IFN-gamma
73
If SCIT is successful, what cytokine will be up-regulated?
IL-10 and IgG4 levels
74
The specific antigen recognition (with memory) region is called an ___.
**epitope**
75
IgG1 +n IgA + IgM deficiency
CVID
76
Child w/recurrent sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis. Deficiency in IgG specifically to polysaccharide capsular antigens
IgG2 deficiency (vulnerable to encapsulated bugs (S. pneumo, H. influenca, N. meningitidis)
77
Inability to kill catalase+ organisms
Chronic Granulomatis Disease

Fundamentals (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions