Allergies Flashcards
Types of hypersensitivity reactions
Asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis, hayfever, food allergies, animal allergies
Coombs and Gell classification
1 - typical food reactions
2 - haemolytic disease of newborn and transfusion reactions
3 - SLE, rheumatoid, HSP
4 - organ trasplant, contact dermatitis
Investigations for suspected food allergies
Food challenge testing
What investigations pick up sensitivities not allergies
Skin prick testing, RAST testing (IgE), patch testing
Treatment options following exposure
Antihistamines, steroids, IM adrenaline in anaphylaxis
Presentation of CMPA
Before 1 year, bloating and wind, abdo pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, uriticarial rash, angio-oedema, sneezing, watery eyes, eczema
Management of CMPA
Based on full history and exam, avoid cows milk and breast feeding mothers should avoid dairy
How is CMPA different from intolerance
Same GI features but no allergic features - will continue to grow and develop
What is allergic rhinitis
Condition caused by IgE mediated type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, where environmental allergens cause allergic inflammatory response in nasal mucosa
Different triggers for allergic rhinitis
Seasonal - tree pollen or grass
Perennial - house dust mites, pets
Occupational - mould
Presentation of allergic rhinitis
Runny, blocked and itchy nose, sneezing, itchy red and swollen eyes
Non-sedating oral antihistamines
Certirizine, loratadine and fexofenadine
Sedating oral antihistamines
Chlorphenamine, promethazine
Nasal corticosteroid sprays
Fluticasone and mometasone
Management of allergic rhinitis
Avoid triggers, oral antihistamines, nasal corticosteroid sprays and nasal antihistamines
