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653 Derm > Allergic Skin Diseases > Flashcards

Allergic Skin Diseases Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Ctenocephalides felis

A

most common flea on dogs and cats

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2
Q

describe the flea life cycle

A

adults on the pet take several blood meals a day, and will lay eggs daily
Eggs fall off and hatch in environment
1st stage 2nd stage 3rd stage larvae
Become the pupa inside a lil silk cocoon and can emerge in 1-2 weeks or in 4 months if delayed

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3
Q

The Pupa

harry potter whistle
A

solar opposites is awesome, you should watch it

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4
Q

flea bite INFESTATION vs. HYPERSENSITIVITY

A
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5
Q

3 Common Causes of Cutaneous Allergic Disease

A
  1. Flea bite hypersensitvity
  2. food induced atopic dermatitis
  3. environment induced allergic dermatitis
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6
Q

The MAIN symptom of cutaneous allergic disease?

A

pruritus!

after ruling out ectoparasites of course

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7
Q

regarding flea bite hypersensitvity:

describe lesions and their distribution

A

primary lesions = papules and crusts
secondary lesions = mostly self-induced from scratching
distribution is primarily the dorsal lumbosacral area (caudal half of pet)

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8
Q

treatment for flea bite hypersensitivity?

A

get rid of the damn fleas

treat pruritus too (glucocorticoids ideal; apoquel/cytopoint an option)

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9
Q

can you differentiate food allergy patients from environmental allergy patients based on clinical signs alone?

A

no

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10
Q

food intolerance vs. allergies

A
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11
Q

are food allergies seen earlier in cats or dogs?

A

dogs

allergies are most commonly found in younger animals

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12
Q

are food allergies seasonal

A

no

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13
Q

are environmental allergies seasonal?

A

yes

but they usually just start that way and can eventually become non-seaso

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14
Q

progress of clinical signs in food allergy dogs

A

Pruritus, diffuse erythema –> self-trauma from pruritus –> chronic inflammation (lichenification/hyperpigmentation)

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15
Q

clinical signs of food allergy in dogs

A

Headshakers
Face rubbers
Foot lickers
Belly scratchers
Bottom scooters

THE BIG 5

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16
Q

4 Major patterns of food allergy in cats

A
  • miliary dermatitis
  • self-induced symmetrical alopecia
  • head and neck pruritus/dermatitis
  • eosinophilic granuoma complex

mainly distributed around face, head, and neck

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17
Q

eosinophilic granuloma complex (3)

A

plaques
granulomas
indolent (rodent) ulcers

18
Q

additional clinical signs of food allergy in cats

A

conjunctivitis, hypersalivation, pruritic otitis

19
Q

are food allergies curable?

A

no, but it’s controllable

20
Q

How to diagnose food allergies?

A

FOOD ELIMINATION AND DIET TRIAL

not those stupid serum IgE tests that clients do at home sometimes

21
Q

what are hydrolyzed diets

A

diets where the proteins are broken down to 5kDa or less in size

small enough to sneak past immune system, won’t bind IgE on mast cells

22
Q

smallest available hydrolyzed protein diet?

A

ultamino

medium = HP
bigger = z/d

23
Q

how long does a food trial need to be done?

A

MINIMUM of 8 weeks

NO other food, treats, supplements, flavored meds, even chew toys!!!!

24
Q

how do you tell if a food trial worked?

A

Secondary skin and ear infections should be resolved by the end of the trial
if better, change back to previous diet briefly to see if clinical signs return

Keep in mind can occur at same time as environmental allergy

25
Q

Define

Canine Atopic Dermatitis

A
an immune dysregulation rather than a deficiency
26
Q

common environmental allergens

A
  • pollen
  • house dust mites
  • molds
  • feathers
  • wool

dust mites often nondistinguishable from food allergies b/c non-seasonal

27
Q

various pathogenesis of environmentally induced allergies in dogs

A

likely similar in cats but less known/studied

28
Q

clinical findings of environmental allergies in cats and dogs

A

Licking/overgrooming, rubbing, rolling, biting, chewing, scratching

ventral distribution, typically earlier in life; progressive disease

29
Q

regarding environmental allergies

lesions and distribution in dogs

A
30
Q

4 major patterns of environmental allergies in cats

A
  • miliary dermatitis
  • self-induced symmetrical alopecia
  • head and neck pruritus/dermatitis
  • eosinophilic granuoma complex

note it’s the same as food allergens!

31
Q

why is it called eosinophilic granuloma complex?

A

it stains eosinophiliically, not that it is full of eosinophils

32
Q

are environmental allergies controllable

A

yes

but you cannot cure them

multimodal therapy most successful

33
Q

how to diagnose enviromental allergies

A

rule out other pruritic disease
seasonal? not food allergies

this IS a CLINICAL diagnosis

34
Q

Treatment Options for Environmental Allergies

A
  • glucocorticoids
  • apoquel
  • cytopoint
  • cyclosporine (atopica)
  • immunotherapy

antihistamines and essential fatty acids minimally effective

remember to also treat your underlying cause and any secondary infections/comorbidities

35
Q

which is for dogs and which is for cats

prednisone vs. predniSOlone

A

prednisone = dogs
predniSOlone = cats

36
Q

can glucocorticoids be used long term?

A

No
good for short seasonal flare-ups

37
Q

can you give apoquel to cats?

A

technically yes but it is off-label use

38
Q

can you give apoquel to puppies?

A

NO
clinical trials went real bad for those lil pups

39
Q

can you give cytopoint to cats? why or why not?

A

NO
caninized monoclonal antibody against IL-31; starts as a murine and then is wrapped in canine DNA, so the points that bind the IL are just the two on the end

40
Q

why is cyclosporine not an ideal allergy therapy in dogs?

A

because it’s expensive as fucking hell

41
Q

pathogenesis of cyclosporine as an allergen therapy

A

calcineurin inhibitor, blocking IL-2 and T cell proliferation
same impact as a steroid without giving a steroid

good long term therapy for cats

653 Derm (5 decks)

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