Allergic Rhinitis Flashcards
Childhood allergic rhinitis is associated with at least twofold increase in risk of ___
Asthma at an older age
Factors that increase risk of allergic rhinitis
1) Introduction to foods or formula early in infancy 2) Mothers who smoke heavily especially before children are 1 y/o 3) Heavy exposure to indoor allergens
Factors that protect against atopy and early wheezing
1) Breastfeeding of high-risk infants 2) Exposure to dogs, cats, and endotoxin early in childhood
This mode of delivery is associated with allergic rhinitis and atopy among children with parental history of asthma and allergies
CS
Associated with allergic rhinitis at age 7 yr
Ocurrence of 3 or more episodes of rhinorrhea in the first year of life
Two factors necessary for expression of AR
1) Sensitivity to an allergen 2) Presence of allergen in the environment
Exposure of an atopic host to an allergen leads to production of
Specific IgE
Initiates early phase response in allergy
Bridging of IgE molecules on the surface of mast cells by allergen
Early phase response of allergy is characterized by
Degranulation of mast cells and release of preformed and newly generated inflammatory mediators including histamine, PG2, and cysteinyl leukotrienes
When does late phase response in allergy arise?
4-8 hrs following allergen exposure
Repeated intranasal introduction of allergens causes a brisk response to reduced provocation called
Priming
Upward rubbing of the nose with an open palm or extended index finger
Allergic salute
Up to ___% of patients with asthma have AR, and ___% of patients with AR have asthma
78, 38
Best method for detecting allergen-specific IgE
Epicutaneous skin tests
To avoid false-negative epicutaneous skin test for allergen-specific IgE, Montelukast should be witheld for how many days
1 day
