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ALL the MEDS! Flashcards

1
Q

Phenytoin

A

Treats:

  • GTC, Focal seizures
  • Status Epilepticus prophylaxis

MOA:
- Na+ channel block

AEs:

  • Purple glove
  • Gingival hyperplasia
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2
Q

Oxcarbazine

A

Treats:
- GTC, focal seizures

MOA:
- Na+ channel block

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3
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Treats:

  • ALL seizure types
  • GOOD Bipolar med

MOA:
- Na+ channel block

AEs:
- Toxic epidermal necrolysis

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4
Q

Lacosamide

A

Treats:
- Focal seizures

MOA:
- Na+ channel block

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5
Q

Carbemazepine

A

Treats:

  • GTC, focal seizures
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Trigeminal neuralgia

MOA:
- Na+/K+ channel block

AEs:

  • Reacts with everything
  • Autoinducer
  • Must perform HLA-typing
  • DON’T use in myoclonic, absense, aclonic seizures
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6
Q

Zonisamide

A

Treats:
- All seizure disorders

MOA:
- Na+, Ca+2, Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor

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7
Q

Phenobarbitol

A

Treats:
- GTC, focal seizures in INFANTS

MOA:
- Opens Cl- channel longer in GABA

AEs:
- Overdose- don’t use except in children

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8
Q

Benzos

A

Treats:

  • ALL seizure types
  • Status epilepticus
  • EtOH withdrawal
  • Anxiety
  • Sleep

MOA:
- Increases Cl- channel opening frequency in GABA

AEs:

  • Withdrawal seizures
  • Do not take with EtOH
  • Respiratory depression

** Treat overdose with Flumazenil

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9
Q

Valproate

A

Treats:

  • ALL seizure types
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Migraines

MOA:

  • GABA increase
  • Decrease NMDA receptors

AEs:

  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Children: Pancreatitis, Hepatitis
  • Neural tube defects
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10
Q

Tigabine

A

Treats:
- partial seizures

MOA:
- GABA increase

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11
Q

Topiramate

A

Treats:

  • ALL seizure but absence type
  • Migraine
  • Weight loss

MOA:

  • Increase GABA
  • Decrease NMDA
  • CA inhibitor
  • Ca+2 block in hippocampus

AEs:
- Kidney stones

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12
Q

Ethosuxamide

A

Treats:
- Absence seizures

MOA:
- T-type Ca+2 channels

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13
Q

Gabapentin, Pregabalin

A

Treats:

  • GTC, focal seizures
  • pain

MOA:
- alpha-2 delta subunit of Ca+2

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14
Q

Levitiracetam

A

Treats:

  • GTC
  • Focal epilepsy
  • Myoclonic epilepsy

MOA:
- SV2A

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15
Q

Lithium

A

1 Bipolar treatment

AEs:

  • Kidney problems
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Weight gain
  • Tremor
  • Decreased cognitive function
  • Ebstein’s anomaly
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16
Q

Haldol

A

Typical antipsychotic
- D2 antagonist

Increased EPS, tardive dyskinesia

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17
Q

Chlopromazide

A

Typical antipsychotic
- D2 antagonist

Increased EPS, tardive dyskinesia

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18
Q

Thirodazine

A

Typical antipsychotic
- D2 antagonist

Increased EPS, tardive dyskinesia

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19
Q

Prochlorperdazine

A

Typical antipsychotic
- D2 antagonist

Increased EPS, tardive dyskinesia

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20
Q

Trifluoperazine

A

Typical antipsychotic
- D2 antagonist

Increased EPS, tardive dyskinesia

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21
Q

Clozapine

A

Atypical Antipsychotic

  • D3, D4 antagonist (limbic structures)
  • Serotonin antagonist (cortical structures)

AEs:
- Agranulocytosis

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22
Q

Risperidone

A

Atypical Antipsychotic

  • D3, D4 antagonist (limbic structures)
  • Serotonin antagonist (cortical structures)

AEs:
- EPS

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23
Q

Ziprasidone

A

Atypical Antipsychotic

  • D3, D4 antagonist (limbic structures)
  • Serotonin antagonist (cortical structures)
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24
Q

Olanzepine

A

Atypical Antipsychotic

  • D3, D4 antagonist (limbic structures)
  • Serotonin antagonist (cortical structures)

AEs:
- Metabolic syndrome

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25
Quetiapine
Atypical Antipsychotic - D3, D4 antagonist (limbic structures) - Serotonin antagonist (cortical structures) * only works for positive symptoms
26
Aripiprazole
Atypical Antipsychotic - Partial D3, D4 antagonist (limbic structures) - Serotonin antagonist (cortical structures)
27
Sertraline
SSRI *Short T1/2 AEs: - Sexual dysfunction - Serotonin sickness (+ MAOIs, amphetamines) - P450 inhibitor
28
Paroxetine
SSRI *Sedating AEs: - Sexual dysfunction - Serotonin sickness (+ MAOIs, amphetamines) - P450 inhibitor
29
Citalopram
SSRI AEs: - Sexual dysfunction - Serotonin sickness (+ MAOIs, amphetamines) - P450 inhibitor
30
Escitalopram
SSRI AEs: - Sexual dysfunction - Serotonin sickness (+ MAOIs, amphetamines) - P450 inhibitor
31
Fluvoxamine
SSRI AEs: - Sexual dysfunction - Serotonin sickness (+ MAOIs, amphetamines) - P450 inhibitor
32
Fluoxetine
SSRI * long T1/2 AEs: - Sexual dysfunction - Serotonin sickness (+ MAOIs, amphetamines) - P450 inhibitor
33
Duloxetine
SNRI * Diabetic neuropathy AEs: - Withdrawal syndrome if d/c - Dose-dependent HTN
34
Venlafaxine
SNRI AEs: - Withdrawal syndrome if d/c - Dose-dependent HTN
35
Buproprion
NDRI Uses: - Adult ADHD - Smoking cessation - Depression AEs: - Dose dependent seizure risk
36
Impramine
TCA= NE and serotonin reuptake inhibitor Uses: - Refractory depression - Enuresis AEs: - Sexual - O/D possible--> tx with bicarb - Orthostatic hypotension - Weight gain - QT-prolongation * * Monitor levels
37
Desipramine
TCA= NE and serotonin reuptake inhibitor Uses: - Refractory depression - Enuresis AEs: - Sexual - O/D possible--> tx with bicarb - Orthostatic hypotension - Weight gain - QT-prolongation * * Monitor levels
38
Amitriptyline
TCA= NE and serotonin reuptake inhibitor Uses: - Refractory depression - Enuresis - Migraine prophylaxis AEs: - Sexual - O/D possible--> tx with bicarb - Orthostatic hypotension - Weight gain - QT-prolongation * * Monitor levels
39
Nortriptyline
TCA= NE and serotonin reuptake inhibitor Uses: - Refractory depression - Enuresis AEs: - Sexual - O/D possible--> tx with bicarb - Orthostatic hypotension - Weight gain - QT-prolongation * * Monitor levels
40
Phenelzine
MAO-A inhibitor: breaks down NA/ serotonin/ Tyramine Uses: - Depression - Bipolar AEs: - Tyramine-containing foods--> stroke - Amphetamine--> malignant HTN - Discontinue 2 weeks prior to surgery - Washout= 2 weeks - Serotonin syndrome with SSRI
41
Tranylcypramine
MAO-A inhibitor: breaks down NA/ serotonin/ Tyramine Uses: - Depression - Bipolar AEs: - Tyramine-containing foods--> stroke - Amphetamine--> malignant HTN - Discontinue 2 weeks prior to surgery - Washout= 2 weeks - Serotonin syndrome with SSRI
42
Selegiline
MAO-B inhibitor: breaks down DA/ histamine/ Tyramine Uses: - Parkinson's AEs: - Tyramine-containing foods--> stroke - Amphetamine--> malignant HTN - Discontinue 2 weeks prior to surgery - Washout= 2 weeks - Serotonin syndrome with SSRI
43
Reselegine
MAO-B inhibitor: breaks down DA/ histamine/ Tyramine Uses: - Parkinson's AEs: - Tyramine-containing foods--> stroke - Amphetamine--> malignant HTN - Discontinue 2 weeks prior to surgery - Washout= 2 weeks - Serotonin syndrome with SSRI
44
Naturally occurring opioids
Paragoric (infants in withdrawal) Morphine Codeine
45
Partially-synthetic opioids
Heroin Apomorphine Oxycodone Hydromorphone
46
Synthetic opioids
``` Miperidine (convulsions) Methadone (5x stronger than morphine) Fentanyl (80x stronger than morphine) Loperamide Diphenoxylate ```
47
Ketamine
IV anesthetic MOA: - NMDA block - Muscarinic Antagonist - Mu agonist AEs: - Emergence reactions - Hallucinations - Random movements
48
Propafol
IV anesthetic MOA: - Potentiate GABA AEs: - Organic blend- discard after 6 hours - Rapid, clear recovery
49
Etomidate
IV anesthetic MOA: - Non-barbituate hypnotic
50
-Fluranes
Inhaled anesthetics AEs: - Decreased myocardial contractility - Decreased respiratory drive - Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance - Decreased mucocillary reflex - N/V - Increased Cerebral blood flow
51
Esters (1 I)
Topical anesthetics | - Block Na+ channel (C-fibers= pain fibers)
52
Amides (2 I's)
Topical anesthetics | - Block Na+ channels (C-fibers)
53
Promethazine
``` DA antagonist (Phenothiazine) - Centrally-acting antiemetic ``` AEs: - EPS - CNS depression ** Injection gangrene
54
Chlorpromazine
``` DA antagonist (Phenothiazine) - Centrally-acting antiemetic ``` AEs: - EPS - CNS depression
55
Prochlorperazine
``` DA antagonist (Phenothiazine) - Centrally-acting antiemetic ``` AEs: - EPS - CNS depression
56
Thiethylperazine
``` DA antagonist (Phenothiazine) - Centrally-acting antiemetic ``` AEs: - EPS - CNS depression
57
Droperidol
Dopamine antagonist: Butyrophenone derivative - Centrally acting antiemetic AEs: - EPS, CNS depression
58
Trimethobenzamide
``` Dopamine antagonist (Benzamide) - Centrally-acting antiemetic ``` AEs: - EPS - CNS depression - Reye's syndrome
59
Metoclopramide
Dopamine antagonist (Benzamide) - Centrally-acting antiemetic - Peripheral: increases upper GI motility AEs: - EPS - CNS depression
60
Scopalamine
Anticholinergic - Centrally-acting antiemetic - Used for Motion sickness AEs: - Anhydrosis, hyperthermia, anuria - Agitation
61
Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate
Antihistamines - Centrally-acting antiemetics - Used for Motion sickness AEs: - Sedation, blurred vision
62
Hydroxyzine, Medizine, Cyclizine
Antihistamines - Centrally-acting antiemetics - Used for motion sickness AEs: - Sedation, blurred vision
63
-Setrons
Serotonin antagonists - Centrally-acting antiemetics AEs: - H/A, N/V, weakness
64
Aprepitant
NK-1 Antagonists - Centrally-acting antiemetic - Chemo-related N/V
65
Dihydroergotamine
Migraine medication Nonselective 5-HT1 agonist AEs: - Fewer side effects than ergotamine - Less nausea, vomiting, leg cramps - Low headache recurrence - Rebound headache rare * *Teratogenic**
66
Triptans
Effective: - In migraine with and without aura - Both early and late in attack Best to give early: - Improves response to therapy - Prevents attack progression - Do not wait for allodynia to develop - Second dose not effective in same attack if initial dose failed AEs: - Very low risk of severe AEs - Rare reports of angina, MI, stroke, and significantly increased BP - Common minor AEs: Chest tightness, asthenia, dizziness, somnolence, paresthesia - Chest symptoms rarely due to ischemia * * Teratogenic** Possible mechanisms for AEs: - Activation of peripheral pain fibers - Pulmonary vasoconstriction - Not indicated for basilar or hemiplegic migraine
67
Buprenorphone
Partial Mu Agonist Uses: - Heroin addiction + Naltrexone= suboxone (can't be snorted--> antagonistic effects only)
68
Pentazocine
Mixed agonist/antagonist - K and Mu agonist (without other opioid) - Antagonist of Mu in presence of other opioids Uses: - Counteract AEs of opioids (respiratory depression, constipation)
69
Nalbuphine
Mixed agonist/antagonist - K and Mu agonist (without other opioid) - Antagonist of Mu in presence of other opioids Uses: - Counteract AEs of opioids (respiratory depression, constipation)
70
Butorphenol
Mixed agonist/antagonist - K and Mu agonist (without other opioid) - Antagonist of Mu in presence of other opioids Uses: - Counteract AEs of opioids (respiratory depression, constipation)
71
Naloxone (IV), Naltrexone (oral)
Opioid Antagonist | - Used for overdose
72
Alvimopan
Opioid antagonist | - Used to treat opioid-induced constipation
73
Methylanltrexone
Opioid antagonist | - Used to treat opioid-induced constipation
74
Tramadol
Dual action: Mu opioid receptor, NE reuptake inhibitor
75
Tapentadol
Dual action: Mu opioid receptor, NE reuptake inhibitor
76
Codeine
Opioid Uses: - Suppress cough (CTZ)
77
Dextromethorphan
Non-opioid cough suppressant
78
Loperamide
Opioid antagonist | - antidiarrheal
79
Benzonatate
Peripherally-acting cough suppressant | - Works at stretch receptor
80
N-acetylcysteine
Mucolytic | Acetaminophen overdose
81
Guafenasine
Expectorant

Neuro/Psych/Optho (9 decks)

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