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pharm sci > ALL THE DRUGS > Flashcards

ALL THE DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

muscarinic agonist

A

increase SLUDGE, decrease HR, miosis, dec dopamine. bronchoconstriction

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2
Q

acetylcholine

A

muscarinic agonist, quat, all synapses

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3
Q

methacholine

A

muscarinic agonist, B carbon methyl, quat, induces asthma attack

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4
Q

carbachol

A

muscarinic agonist, quat, carbamate, glaucoma

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5
Q

bethanechol

A

muscarinic agonist, carbamate and methyl on b carbon, treats urinary retention (non-obstructive) and dec symptoms of depression

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6
Q

muscarine

A

muscarinic agonist, quat,

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7
Q

pilocarpine

A

muscarinic agonist,, tert, glaucoma, miosis after eye exam

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8
Q

cevimeline

A

muscarinic agonist, tert, salivary gland issue

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9
Q

muscarinic antagonist

A

decreases slud, mydriasis, increases HR, bronchodilation

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10
Q

muscarinic agonist SAR

A
  1. N capable of being + , no huge groups dec methyls for H on N terminal = dec potency / increased carbons on N antagonist
  2. ethylene bridge (2C)
  3. alcoxyl group (ketone, ester, ether)/ Ing’s rule of 5/
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11
Q

SAR muscarinic antagonist

A
  1. N tertiary or quat
  2. R1 and R2 heterocyclic (can’t be naphthelene)
  3. R3 -H, -OH part of ring
  4. X=ester, ether
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12
Q

atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist, ophthalmic, tert

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13
Q

tropicamide

A

muscarinic antagonist, opthalmic, tert

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14
Q

cyclopentolate

A

muscarinic antagonist,, opthalmic, tert

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15
Q

iptratropium

A

COPD, muscarinic antagonist,, quat

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16
Q

tiotropium

A

COPD, tert, muscarinic antagonist,

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17
Q

umeclidinium

A

COPD, tert, muscarinic antagonist,

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18
Q

glycopyrrolate

A

COPD, tert, muscarinic antagonist,

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19
Q

acidinium

A

COPD, tert, muscarinic antagonist,

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20
Q

benztopine

A

parkinsons, tert, muscarinic antagonist,

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21
Q

trihexylphenydil

A

parkinsons, tert, muscarinic antagonist,

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22
Q

dicycloamine

A

IBS-D, tert, muscarinic antagonist,

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23
Q

scopolamine

A

motion sickness, tert, muscarinic antagonist,

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24
Q

oxybutynin

A

tert, OAB/urinary retention, muscurinic antagonist, cmax related to ADE/lipophillic/P450

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25
Q

tolterodine

A

tert, OAB/urinary retention, muscurinic antagonist, prodrug 2D6

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26
Q

solifenacin

A

tert, OAB/urinary retention, muscurinic antagonist, functional selectivity for M3 bladder/ 3A4

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27
Q

darifenacin

A

tert, OAB/urinary retention, muscurinic antagonist, , pharmacologically selective M3, cause dry mouth, 3A4 and 2D6

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28
Q

trospium

A

tert, OAB/urinary retention, muscurinic antagonist, P450/esterase/hydroxylation

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29
Q

fesoterodine

A

tert, OAB/urinary retention, muscurinic antagonist, prodrug 5-HMT

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30
Q

AChE inhibitors

A

increases the ACh, increase SLUDGE, decreases HR and miosis of the eye

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31
Q

neostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor, quat, carbamate ester, myasthenia gravis

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32
Q

phyostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor, tert, carbamate ester

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33
Q

pyridostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor, quat, carbamate ester, myasthenia gravis

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34
Q

rivastigmine

A

alzheimers, carbamate ester, tert

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35
Q

carbamate ester

A

“stigmine” temporary covalent modification, work through being metabolized

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36
Q

edrophenium

A

reversible inhibitor of AChE, quat

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37
Q

galantamine

A

reversible inhibitor of AChE, tert, alzheimers

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38
Q

doneprexil

A

reversible inhibitor of AChE, tert, alzheimers

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39
Q

echothiophate

A

irreversible inhibitor of AChE, quat, glaucoma

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40
Q

organophosphates

A

toxic/dephosphroylate = resistant to hydrolysis = too much ACh build up / use 2-PAM if hasn’t aged

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41
Q

neuromusuclar blocking agent MOA

A

immobilize patients for surgery, procedures = work by causing paralysis

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42
Q

depolarizing agents

A

opens the cel membrane and becomes refractory and the muscle becomes resistant to further stimulation, fasciculations and then flaccid paralysis

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43
Q

succinylcholine

A

more ach wouldnt do anything because you are blocking to the binding site to cause muscle activation

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44
Q

mivacurium

A

benzylisoquinolines, non-depolarizing NMBA, shorter half life, quat

45
Q

atracurium

A

shorter half life, benzylisoquinolines, quat, non-depolarizing, degradation/hoffman elimination

46
Q

cisatrascurium

A

non-depolarizing NMBA, spontaneous degradation/hoffman elimination

47
Q

rocuronium

A

amino steroid, hepatic and renal, intermediate half life, non-depolarizing NMBA, hepatic and renal

48
Q

vecuronium

A

amino steroid, hepatic and renal, intermediate half life, non-depolarizing NMBA

49
Q

pancuronium

A

amino steroid, hepatic and renal, longest half life, non-depolarizing NMBA

50
Q

alpha 1 agonist

A

vasoconstriction, decongestant, red eye, inc BP

51
Q

phenylephrine

A

alpha 1 agonist, decongestant

52
Q

naphazoline

A

alpha 1 agonist

53
Q

tetrahydrozoline

A

alpha 1 agonist

54
Q

oxymethazoline

A

alpha 1 agonist

55
Q

high dose DA

A

alpha 1 agonist

56
Q

Epi high dose

A

alpha 1 agonist = B, vasoconstrict, inc TPR

57
Q

Epi low dose

A

B, inc HR, dec insulin, dec digestion, inc lipolysis, dec uterine, dec urgency

58
Q

NE

A

alpha, alpha 2, b1 (NO B2), vasoconstrict, cardiac dec (vagal), dec digestion, dec urine

59
Q

alpha 2 agonist

A

dec SNS, dec HR, dec BP, dec TPR - upregulation of alpha 1 and b1

60
Q

SAR alpha 2 agonist

A

2, 5 ortho substituents (cl)/ bridge / basic nitrogen grouping/ perpendicular

61
Q

clonidine

A

alpha 2 agonist, with opioid for pain, causes xerostomia

62
Q

guanacifine

A

alpha 2 agonist, ADHD

63
Q

methyldopa

A

alpha 2 agonist

64
Q

dexmedetomidine

A

sedative

65
Q

b1 agonist

A

inc FOC, inc HR, used to preserve CO

66
Q

dobutamine

A

B1

67
Q

isoproterenol

A

nonselective B agonist

68
Q

mid dose D1

A

D1, B1

69
Q

B2 agonist MOA

A

bronchodilation

70
Q

B2 agonist SAR

A

2 hydroxyl required, 3-hydroxymethyl, 3-formamido, carbostyril ethanolamine side chain (R conformation) / basic substituents

71
Q

albuterol

A

B2 agonist, SA

72
Q

tertbutaline

A

B2 agonist

73
Q

salmeterol

A

B2 agonist, LA

74
Q

fomoterol

A

B2 agonist

75
Q

indacterol

A

B2 agonist

76
Q

oldaterol

A

B2 agonist, LA

77
Q

vilanterol

A

B2 agonist, LA

78
Q

fenoldapam

A

D1 agonist - expensive

79
Q

D1 MOA

A

low dose dopamine, mesenteric dilation, “renal dose”

80
Q

cardioselective B1 antagonist MOA

A

dec HR, dec FOC, dec CO

81
Q

cardioselective B1 antagonist SAR

A

SAR: adernergic side chain / ether group / para substituents with an H bond acceptor 1 to 2 atoms away

82
Q

metroprolol

A

cardioselective B1 antagonist

83
Q

atenolol

A

cardioselective B1 antagonist MOA, renal

84
Q

bisoproprolol

A

cardioselective B1 antagonist MOA, renal

85
Q

acebutolol

A

cardioselective B1 antagonist MOA, hepatic

86
Q

esmolol

A

cardioselective B1 antagonist MOA, 10 min t1/2 bc esterase

87
Q

alpha 1 antagonist

A

BPH, kidney stone, last option for decrease in HR

88
Q

parazosin

A

non-selective alpha 1 antagonist

89
Q

terazosin

A

non-selective alpha 1 antagonist

90
Q

doxazosin

A

non-selective alpha 1 antagonist

91
Q

alfuzosin

A

A alpha 1 antagonist- BPH/kidney stones

92
Q

tamulosin

A

A alpha 1 antagonist- BPH/kidney stones

93
Q

silodosin

A

A alpha 1 antagonist- BPH/kidney stones

94
Q

pentoalimine

A

non-selective alpha, extraversion of vasculature

95
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A

nonselective alpha = irrreversible= pneumocytoma

96
Q

partial agonist

A

labetol (B2), acebutolol (B1), pinidol (B1)

97
Q

nonselective B antagonists

A

pinidolol, propanolol, nadelol

98
Q

labetalol

A

bblocker with vasodilation, alpha 1 antagonsit/ B1 antagonist / B2 ISA, glucuronidation, CYP450

99
Q

nebivolol

A

bblocker with vasodilation, NO increased production

100
Q

carvedilol

A

bblocker with vasodilation, block Ltype CC, antagonist at alpha 1, antioxidation, undergoes o-dealkylation

101
Q

bblockers with vasodilation good for

A

asthma and COPD

102
Q

renally metabolized bblockers are good for

A

patients with decreased liver function

103
Q

renally metabolized bblocker

A

nadelol, atenolol, bisprolol

104
Q

esmolol

A

quickly metabolized by plasma esterases

105
Q

BBlockers elim by which enzyme

A

CYP2D6

106
Q

random uses of BBlockers

A

glaucoma, thyrotoxosis, tremors, migraine

107
Q

BBlockers adverse effects

A 
lipid
cns depression
dec libido
hypoglycemia mask
overdose causes AV block
108
Q

when do you not want to use a nonselective BBlocker?

A

pts with asthma/ COPD (constrict airways), diabetes - dec insulin secretion

pharm sci (12 decks)

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