ALL Questions

Question 1

In an Adult, what is the total percentage of burned area burned if the patient’s entire arm, from shoulder to hand, was burned?

Answer 1

9%

Question 2

A type of radiation that is very penetrating and easily passes through the body and solid materials?

Answer 2

Gamma

Question 3

A type of radiation that has greater penetration and can travel much further than alpha particles? They can penetrate the skin but be blocked by simple protective clothing.

Answer 3

Beta

Question 4

What are the 5 types of shock?

Answer 4

Cardiogenic, Hypovolemic, Anaphalactic, Septic and Neurogenic

Question 5

How do you remove a Singer from a bee?

Answer 5

Scrape with a credit card

Question 6

S/S Suddenly complains of the worst headache in their lives Think?

Answer 6

Hemorrhagic stroke

Question 7

S/S Facial drooping, headache, confusion, pronator drift think?

Answer 7

Stroke

Question 8

What is the term for unlawful touching?

Answer 8

Battery

Question 9

What is the medical term for Feverish; pertaining to or marked by fever?

Answer 9

Febrile

Question 10

The medical term for excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye?

Answer 10

Miosis

Question 11

S/S a pregnant women with a high blood pressure?

Answer 11

Pre-eclampsia

Question 12

What is Menorrhea?

Answer 12

Normal menstrual or vaginal bleeding

Question 13

S/S Acute abdominal pain, can be referred to the shoulder accompanied by vaginal bleeding in a woman of child bearing age, rapid and weak pulse, low blood pressure, absent menstrual period.

Answer 13

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 14

What is ROSC?

Answer 14

Return Of Spontaneous Circulation- person regains a pulse

Question 15

What are the Shockable rhythms an AED recognizes?

Answer 15

Ventricular Fibrillation and Pulseless Ventricular tachycardia

Question 16

What is the best way to prevent the spread of communicable diseases?

Answer 16

Hand Washing

Question 17

S/S 87 y.o. male with difficulty breathing supine in bed with agonal respirations after PPE and scene safe, What is your first intervention?

Answer 17

Ventilate

Question 18

What are Braxton-Hicks contractions?

Answer 18

Irregular contractions not sustained not indicative of impending delivery- false labor

Question 19

When may delivery be imminent?

Answer 19

When contractions last 30 seconds to a minute and are 2-3 minutes apart

Question 20

In neonate resuscitation when do you initiate Bag valve resuscitation?

Answer 20

When the pulse rate is below 100 beats per minute.

Question 21

In neonate resuscitation when do you initiate Compressions?

Answer 21

When the pulse rate is less than 60 BPM

Question 22

What are the first steps in neonatal resuscitation?

Answer 22

Drying, warming. positioning, suctioning. Tactile stimulation

Question 23

How do you control vaginal bleeding after birth?

Answer 23

Place sanitary napkin over the vaginal opening. Do not place anything inside. Massage the Uterus. Have the mother begin nursing.

Question 24

What is the care for a mother with a prolapsed cord?

Answer 24

Elevate the hips, keep the mother warm, keep the baby’s head away from the cord, wrap the cord in a sterile moist towel, do not push the cord back in. transport mom to the hospital continuing to keep pressure on the head off the cord

Question 25

If meconium is seen in the amniotic fluid what do you suction first?

Answer 25

Mouth then nose.

Question 26

Elevated blood pressure, excessive weight gain, excessive swelling to the face, ankles, hands and feet altered mental status, headache, or unusual neurologic findings in a pregnant female>

Answer 26

Pre-eclampsia

Question 27

Seizures in pregnancy Think?

Answer 27

Eclampsia

Question 28

In the Glasgow Coma scale what are the 3 behavioral Reponses measured?

Answer 28

Eye opening response, Verbal response and motor response

Question 29

In the Glasgow Coma scale what are the 4 responses under eye opening and the scores?

Answer 29

Spontaneously 4, to speech 3, to pain 2, no response 1

Question 30

In the Glasgow Coma scale what are the 5 responses to verbal response?

Answer 30

``` Oriented to person, place and time -5 Confused -4 Inappropriate words -3 Incomprehensible sounds -2 No Response -1 ```

Question 31

In the Glasgow Coma scale what are the 6 responses to motor response?

Answer 31

``` Obeys commands -6 Moves to localized pain -5 Flexion withdrawal from pain -4 Abnormal flexion (decorticate) -3 Abnormal flexion (decerabate) -2 No Response -1 ```

Question 32

In the Glasgow Coma scale what is considered a comatose patient?

Answer 32

8 or less

Question 33

In the Glasgow Coma scale what is considered a totally unresponsive patient?

Answer 33

3

Question 34

In the Glasgow Coma scale what is considered the highest score?

Answer 34

15

Question 35

During Adult CPR what is the compression to ventilation rate?

Answer 35

30:2

Question 36

During Child CPR what is the compression to ventilation rate?

Answer 36

15:2

Question 37

During neonatal resuscitation what is the preferred technique for compressions due to higher blood pressure and coronary perfusion with less rescuer fatigue

Answer 37

The 2 thumb encircling technique

Question 38

What is the compression to ventilation rate for neonatal resuscitation?

Answer 38

3:1- Why, the compromise of gas exchange is nearly always the primary cause

Question 39

The signs of bradycardia, hypertension, and irregular breathing in a head injury is called?

Answer 39

Cushing's Reflex

Question 40

What is a late sign of shock?

Answer 40

Decreased blood pressure

Question 41

A policy or protocol issued by the medical director that authorizes EMT's to perform particular skills in certain situations is called?

Answer 41

Standing orders

Question 42

What volume of blood loss is considered serious in an average adult?

Answer 42

1000cc

Question 43

What is the difference between a Thrombus and an Embolus?

Answer 43

A Thrombus is a fibrinous clot formed in and obstructs a blood vessel; an embolus is a fibrinous clot that forms elsewhere in the body and lodges in a vessel.

Question 44

What is a tension pneumothorax?

Answer 44

An accumulation of air in the pleural space under pressure, compressing the lungs and decreasing venous return to the heart. As intrathoracic pressure increases, the patient develops hypotension, tracheal deviation and neck vein distension.

Question 45

An accumulation of blood in the sac around the heart is called?

Answer 45

Pericardial tamponade

Question 46

After you deliver the first shock with an AED, the patient is still pulseless, what should you do next?

Answer 46

Perform 2 minutes or 5 cycles of CPR

Question 47

What are the Shockable rhythms for the AED?

Answer 47

Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation

Question 48

The 2 types of rhythms that can be shocked by the AED are Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia and Atrial Fibrillation, True or False?

Answer 48

False- They are Pulseless ventricular tachycardia and ventricular Fibrillation

Question 49

An infant or child who exhibits wheezing, increased breathing effort on exhalation, or rapid breathing without stridor probably has?

Answer 49

A lower airway disease ( bronchitis or asthma )

Question 50

What is the required amount of suctioning that a suction unit must provide?

Answer 50

30 L/min, 300 mmhg

Question 51

What does the pneumonic DCAP-BTLS stand for?

Answer 51

Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures, Burns, Tenderness Lacerations, Swelling

Question 52

What does the pneumonic OPQRST stand for?

Answer 52

Onset, Provokes, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time

Question 53

What does the pneumonic SAMPLE stand for?

Answer 53

Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last Meal, Events that led to the call -used to determine history

Question 54

What stage of labor does full dilation of the cervix occur?

Answer 54

First

Question 55

S/S 64 y.o. c/o trouble breathing, chest pain and congestion. lung sounds crackles bilateral. What is a probable cause?

Answer 55

Left ventricular failure- Rationale these are signs of possible failure of the left ventricle. The pump portion of the heart is unable to pump efficiently and fluid begins to back up into the lungs.

Question 56

What heart rate is considered bradycardic?

Answer 56

Heart rate less than 60 BPM

Question 57

Which is the best answer for a man down in cardiac arrest. * Turn on AED, attach AED, check pulse and initiate analysis * BSI, Check pulse, begin compressions, open airway * BSI, check pulse, open airway, begin compressions

Answer 57

BSI, check pulse, begin compressions, open airway

Question 58

Which of the following is not a category of shock? | Irreversible, decompensated, compensated, reversible

Answer 58

reversible

Question 59

What is a side effect of nitroglycerin? | vessel constriction, pitting edema, vessel dilation, headache

Answer 59

Headache | Patients often get headaches from nitro. vessel dilation occurs but is not a side effect it is the desired effect.

Question 60

What is hypovolemic shock?

Answer 60

Hypovolemic shock, also known as hemorrhagic shock, is a life-threatening condition that results when you lose more than 20 percent (one-fifth) of your body’s blood or fluid supply.

Question 61

What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?

Answer 61

Respiratory arrest

Question 62

What does nitroglycerin do to the vasculature of the body?

Answer 62

Dilates them to ease the workload on the heart

Question 63

What is the Glasgow coma scale for a patient with no eye response, incomprehensible sounds, and decorticate posturing?

Answer 63

(6) no eye response-1, Incomprehensible sounds-2, and decorticate posturing-3

Question 64

What is Decorticate posturing?

Answer 64

Decorticate posture is an abnormal posturing in which a person is stiff with bent arms, clenched fists, and legs held out straight. The arms are bent in toward the body and the wrists and fingers are bent and held on the chest. Think of de-cor-ticate as to the core!

Question 65

Your patient is feeling sick to their stomach and is bradycardic. What type of response is this? Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, vagal, emotional

Answer 65

Parasympathetic- it is responsible for slowing the heart rate and intestinal activity

Question 66

During diastole what do the ventricles do?

Answer 66

Fill with blood- This is the relaxing phase of the heart

Question 67

During Systole what are the ventricles doing?

Answer 67

The ventricles contract sending blood to the body and lungs

Question 68

In a multi casualty accident with 2 vehicles how would you triage the following patients for transport, none are trapped? an 86 y.o slumped against the wheel, a 7 y.o with facial lacerations only, a 40 y.o. pregnant woman unconscious, a teenager c/o nausea with an altered level of consciousness, a second teenager who had a seizure earlier and was being transported to the doctor was belted with no sign of injury.

Answer 68

The 86 y.o. and the pregnant female should be transported first due to LOC (level of consciousness), the teenager with an altered level of consciousness should be next then the 7 y.o. and the teenager who had a seizure earlier

Question 69

Shock from a severe infection is called?

Answer 69

Sepsis

Question 70

Blood moves from the left ventricle to the? Lungs, Inferior vena cava, aortic arch, right atrium

Answer 70

Aortic arch-- | Right ventricle to the lungs, Inferior vena cava to right atrium,

Question 71

Resuscitation should not be started if obvious signs of death are present. These signs include all except? A.Rigor Mortis B. Putrefaction of body C.Absence of heart beat D. Dependent lividity

Answer 71

``` C. Absence of heart beat. Rationale: Rigor mortis -limbs of corpse stiffen Putrefaction of body- decomposing Lividity- pooling of blood to lower areas of body also called livor mortis livor- (bluish) mortis- (of death) ```

Question 72

The recommended field treatment for a patient with cardiac tamponade is? Compressions at 100 per minute transcutaneous pacing rapid transport to ER pericardiocentesis

Answer 72

Rapid transport to ER Rationale: removing the fluid surrounding the heart with a needle is the definitive treatment but not recommended in the field and beyond EMT scope of practice. Rapid transport is the most appropriate treatment.

Question 73

You and your partner Greg are called to a hockey arena where a fan was struck in the side of the chest with a hockey puck that was hit over the protective glass and into the crowd. The man is having a painful time breathing at about 16 a minute. He says his ribs really hurt. What should your treatment include? A. A chest compression wrap while having the patient maintain his exhaled state B. Bag valve mask with oxygen attached C. Sweeping the tongue out of the way to look for airway obstructions D. High flow O2 with NRM and rapid transport

Answer 73

D. High flow O2 with NRM and rapid transport Rationale: As long as the patient is able to talk and keep their respirations within range, then high flow O2 and transport would be your best choice.

Question 74

``` Which of the following assessment considerations should not be included for facial and eye injuries? A. Inspection B. Palpation of cranial bones C. Eye examination D. Palpation of facial bones ```

Answer 74

B. Palpation of cranial bones Rationale: Assessment considerations for facial and eye injuries include: Inspection, palpation of facial bones, and eye examination.

Question 75

``` Where on the patient are you going to take the pulse rate via the radial artery? A. Top of the foot B. Thumb side of the wrist C. Behind the ankle D. Side of the neck ```

Answer 75

B. Thumb side of the wrist Rationale: Top of the foot is the Dorsalis pedis Behind the ankle is the posterior tibial side of the neck is the carotid

Question 76

Unique anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology considerations of geriatric patients include all of the following except: A. Changes in musculoskeletal system makes older patients susceptible to trauma B.Trauma is infrequent in the elderly due to inactivity C. Circulation changes lead to inability to maintain normal vital signs during hemorrhage D. Curvature of upper spine may require padding during spinal immobilization

Answer 76

B. Trauma is infrequent in the elderly due to inactivity Rationale: changes in pulmonary, cardiovascular, neurologic, and musculoskeletal systems make older patients susceptible to trauma; circulation changes lead to inability to maintain normal vital signs during hemorrhage and blood pressure drops sooner; multiple medications are more common and may affect assessment - especially vital signs and blood clotting; brain shrinks leading to higher risk of cerebral bleeding following head trauma; skeletal changes cause curvature of the upper spine that may require padding during spinal immobilization; loss of strength, sensory impairment, and medical illness increase risk of falls.

Question 77

``` When you correct a problem in the field, what is this called? A. Blood pressure B. Atelectasis C. Intervention D. Miosis ```

Answer 77

C. Intervention

Question 78

An unconscious male is found lying in a pool of blood with an arterial bleed on the left leg. What type of shock is this man suffering from?

Answer 78

Hypovolemic Shock

Question 79

What is Conjunctiva?

Answer 79

A thin layer of membrane that covers the eye Aqueous Humor-the clear fluid filling the space in the front of the eyeball between the lens and the cornea. IRIS- is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina.

Question 80

``` Managing a burn includes all of the following except? A. Airway management B. Apply a Dry, sterile dressing C. Rule of Palm D. Prevent hypothermia ```

Answer 80

C. Rule of Palm Rationale: Rule of palm is a way of measuring the amount of burn not a treatment

Question 81

S/S male 18 y.o. at school with glass in eye from test tube exploding in face with blood coming from the eye. What is the best treatment? A. Bandage the eye with a pressure dressing B. Remove the glass from the eye C. Transport with high flow O2 D. Cover the eye with a paper cup, bandage and cover the other eye.

Answer 81

D. Cover the eye with a paper cup, bandage and cover the other eye. Rationale: pressure dressing would cause more damage, not supposed to remove penetrating objects, just transport would cause more discomfort for patient especially if they try to look around.

Question 82

Which of the following would be a low energy penetrating wound? A. Stab with a knife B. .22 Cal GSW C. Blunt trauma with a bat D. nail in hand from a pneumatic nail gun

Answer 82

A. Stab with a knife Rationale: .22 Caliber bullet is low energy in a gun shot, a baseball bat is a blunt trauma not penetrating, A pneumatic nail gun is higher energy than a knife

Question 83

Your patient struck a bus with his head while on his bicycle. On Physical exam you observe unequal pupils and irregular respirations. The BP is 180/90 and a pulse rate of 60. What do these signs describe?

Answer 83

Cushing's Reflex Rationale: High blood pressure in head trauma with a low pulse rate and irregular respirations. brain calls for more pressure for ^O2, low pulse rate because BP too high (Aortic baroreceptors), irregular breaths -brain herniating through the foramen magnum

Question 84

The patient has pain in the chest from a baseball striking him in the chest. His pressure is 130/60 pulse of 100 and a bruise to the left lateral chest. What is the symptom?

Answer 84

Pain in the chest is a symptom | Rationale: Blood pressure- sign, Pulse- sign Bruise is a sign

Question 85

``` Signs and symptoms of rattlesnake bites include all of the following except: A. Progressive weakness B. Hives C. Pain at site D. Seizures ```

Answer 85

B. Hives Rationale: Hives is a sign of an allergic reaction which is caused by an allergen not a venomous bite.

Question 86

A primary survey is done on a patient to?

Answer 86

To reveal life threatening injuries

Question 87

What are the 2 ways needed to provide adequate C-spine stabilization with a c-collar?

Answer 87

Holding manual stabilization or securing the patient appropriately to the backboard.

Question 88

You are treating a patient who is "not feeling right". Which of the following is considered a sign? A. The patient shows you a contusion on their head B. She says she is dizzy and feels like vomiting C. She tells you she ate a whole bottle of sleeping pills D. The patient states that she has a headache

Answer 88

A. The patient shows you a contusion on their head Rationale: Feeling dizzy and stating she has a headache are symptoms. Telling you she took a bunch of pills is history. The visible contusion on her head is a sign because it is objective and you can verify it's existence visually.

Question 89

Shock caused by a severe infections is known as?

Answer 89

Sepsis

Question 90

When a patient's blood pressure drops to a dangerously low level after administration of nitro this is considered a?

Answer 90

Side Effect

Question 91

What is CAD and which vessels of the body does it affect?

Answer 91

Coronary Artery disease and Arteries

Question 92

You have a patient complaining of severe chest pain. The patient is diaphoretic and has a blood pressure of 96/55. You have the patients prescriptions including nitroglycerin. You contact medical control and are ordered to give the patient 1 nitro tablet sublingual. What would you do? A. Repeat the blood pressure and give the nitro B. Repeat the blood pressure and ask again what you should do C. Give the nitro as instructed D. Attach the AED then give the Nitro.

Answer 92

B. Repeat the blood pressure and ask again what you should do. Rationale: A side effect of nitroglycerine is a drop in blood pressure which could cause the patient to go into cardiac arrest. By repeating the blood pressure this confirms your last pressure and allows medical control to hear your concern.

Question 93

You are called for an 86.y.o. male with a possible stroke he is c/o trouble putting on his coat and pants. What are the three things you would use to verify your suspicion of stroke?

Answer 93

Speech, Facial droop and arm drift. Rationale: Cincinnati stroke scale any one failure has a high likelihood of stroke. Remember always check blood sugar as the symptoms mimic a stroke

Question 94

Your patient is an 18 month old boy who, as reported by his mother, is "acting strange". You arrive to find the child reclined in his mother's arms. "I don't know what's wrong with him," she says. "I came out of the bathroom and he started making odd sounds and had spit running out of his mouth." What is the first thing you should do? A. Roll the child into a recovery position and begin suctioning the oropharynx. B. Get a general impression of the child by visually assessing the quality of his respirations, his skin color, and his appearance. C. Notify the pediatric ward at the hospital of the situation and do a rapid transport with high flow O2 via NRB. D. Insert a properly measured OPA to secure the airway. Pad the child's shoulders to align the airway.

Answer 94

B. Get a general impression of the child by visually assessing the quality of his respirations, his skin color, and his appearance. Rationale: Initially, you want to form a general impression of the patient using the pediatric assessment triangle. (PAT) PAT is Work of Breathing, Skin Circulation, Appearance. The pediatric assessment triangle is used to form a rapid general impression of a child without making physical contact. Look at the child's appearance and muscle tone. Look at the work of breathing for signs of respiratory distress. Tachypnea or retractions of sternum and or intercostal muscles is a sign of respiratory difficulty. Look at the skin as a quick reference for circulation. Pallor can be a sign of poor circulation.

Question 95

``` What would you look for in an assessment of an emergency related to the nervous system? A. Level of activity B. Cardiogenic C. Symmetry of response D. Scene size up ```

Answer 95

C. Symmetry of response Rationale: Symmetry of the sensory systems, motor systems, as well as mental status, and speech should be kept in mind when evaluating. All part of Cincinnati Stroke scale

Question 96

``` All are obvious signs of death, except? A. Putrefaction B. Livor Mortis C. Cyanosis D. Rigor Mortis ```

Answer 96

C. Cyanosis Rationale: Cyanosis is a lack of oxygen to the tissues Livor mortis, is the discoloration of the skin due to the pooling of blood in the dependent parts of the body following death. Rigor Mortis, is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem, which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen. Putrefaction, is the decomposition of organic matter

Question 97

Your patient is a 14-year-old girl who is complaining of vaginal pain after falling onto the center post of her bike. She is alone and very scared. She has called the accident in on her cell phone and stated that she is bleeding very badly and feeling faint. Besides treating for shock, what other things should you consider with this patient? A. Transport without treating patient because she is a minor B. Inform her she is having her menstrual period C. Have a female EMT respond for patient modesty D. Transport in the fowlers position.

Answer 97

C. Have a female EMT respond if possible. Rationale: A female EMT may not always be available but a good consideration. Heavy bleeding after an accident with a patient feeling faint would be a contraindication to sitting a patient up or transporting without direct pressure to the wound and a dressing

Question 98

``` If a patient was feeling nauseated this would likely be a ___________ response. If a person was tachycardic it would likely be a _________ response. A. sympathetic, parasympathetic B. parasympathetic, sympathetic C. Fight or flight, nervous response D. gag, parasympathetic ```

Answer 98

B. parasympathetic, sympathetic Rationale: Parasympathetic response is the stimulation of "rest-and-digest" activities that occur when the body is at rest. Sympathetic response is the fight or flight response increase heart rate and vascular tone

Question 99

``` What is considered a life threatening bleed? A. Capillary bleed B. Arterial Bleed C. Venous bleed D. Dark red bleed ```

Answer 99

B. Arterial Bleed Rationale: Arterial bleeds pose more of a threat to life than any of the others as they are under the most pressure and can release more blood in a shorter period of time.

Question 100

``` When speaking with a patient, what pneumonic will help to find out past pertinent medical history? A. DCAP-BTLS B. SAMPLE C. CHART D. OPQRST ```

Answer 100

B. SAMPLE Rationale: DCAP-BTLS is used for soft tissue injuries CHART is used to help with charting your run report OPQRST is used for discerning the reason for the patients symptoms

Question 101

Which of the following patients has regular respirations? A. 6 month old breathing at 22 breaths per minute B. A 26 y.o. with Cheyne-stokes breathing at 10 breaths per minute C. 10 y.o. breathing at 28 times per minute with intercostal retractions D. a 30 y.o. breathing at 20 times per minute slightly irregular.

Answer 101

D. a 30 y.o. breathing at 20 times per minute is breathing slightly irregular, they are within range and considered adequate. Rationale Normal infant is 30 to 60 breaths per minute Cheyne stokes breathing is normally seen in head injury and normally not an adequate breathing pattern A 10 y.o. is using intercostal muscles to breath this is normally a sign of trouble breathing

Question 102

One pupil dilated and the other pupil constricted may suggest what type of injury?

Answer 102

Cerebral- head trauma (Trauma) or head bleed (CVA) are most common

Question 103

``` You have requested helicopter transportation of a critical burn patient. The remote nature of the accident will force the helicopter to land on an incline. What is the best way to approach the helicopter? A. Wait for the Pilot to give direction B. Approach from the front C. Uphill side D. Walk downhill to the helicopter ```

Answer 103

Never walk downhill toward a helicopter. Always approach from the downhill side, or on the flat ground, approaching from a 45° angle in front of the aircraft (where the pilot can see you at all times) or as directed by a helicopter crew person. • Never approach an operating helicopter from the rear, and never go aft of the cabin doors unless directed by a helicopter crew person or the pilot.

Question 104

``` Who is the Government authority with jurisdiction over radio communications? A. ETS B. FCC C. RCC D. FTC ```

Answer 104

B. FCC or Federal Communications Commision

Question 105

``` A respiration rate would be considered within normal limits for an adult at____ per minute, for a 6-12 year old child at ____ per minute, and for an infant at____ per minute. A. 16 - 25 - 40 B. 22 - 32 - 42 C. 20 - 40 - 60 D. 10 - 20 - 40 ```

Answer 105

A. 16 - 25 - 40 Rationale: According to the NES, normal adult respiratory rates are from 16-20, school age children (6-12) are 20-30, and infants are initially 40-60 and then drop to 30-40 after the first few minutes. Note: Respiratory rates for late adulthood, 61+, is dependent on the patient's physical and health status.

Question 106

The umbilical cord is wrapped tightly around the baby's neck and you have tried unsuccessfully to slip the cord over the head. What should your next course of action be? A. Push the baby's head into the vagina until the cord comes loose B. Clamp the cord in two places and cut it in the middle C. Support the head and suction the baby's nose and mouth D. Massage the uterus to stimulate harder contractions to free the baby

Answer 106

B. Clamp the cord in two places and cut it in the middle Rationale: You would not push a baby back into the vagina Cant deliver the baby if the cords wrapped so don't try and suction to have baby breath massage the uterus is to deliver the placenta

Question 107

You have just arrived at the scene to find a 27-year-old female complaining of anxiety and breathing difficulties. Which of the following questions would be most appropriate to ask first? A. What day is today? B. Do you have a history of panic attacks? C. How long have you been having trouble breathing? D. What is your name?

Answer 107

D. What is your name? Rationale: When performing patient assessment, the first thing, after your scene size-up, is to do the primary survey (also called primary assessment). The first step of the primary survey is to form a general impression, followed by level of consciousness, then Airway, Breathing, and Circulatory status, and finally identify life threats during that process. While all of those questions are proper to ask at some point during an assessment, the best choice is to ask the patient her name first. This is critical information because it allows you to know who you are interacting with. It also helps to determine a general impression of the patient according to their proper or improper response, and then determine airway status. This sets the stage for the rest of your assessment. You should always introduce yourself and ask for your patient's name at the beginning of your assessment. The other questions come during the history taking part of your assessment.

Question 108

``` You arrive on the scene with your partner to transport a patient with coffee ground vomitus. This sign would lead you to believe this patient has? A. Esophageal Varicies B. Hemorrhoids C. GI bleed D. Flu ```

Answer 108

C. GI bleed Rationale: Coffee ground vomit is a classic sign of a GI bleed. Esophageal Varicies would be bright red blood

Question 109

``` You arrive on the scene to find a woman who is complaining of difficulty breathing after being struck in the chest with a swing. Upon auscultation of her lungs you have clear lungs on the right and no breath sounds on the left. This woman is likely has a ______ and would be suffering from _____ as the collapsed lung is incapable of oxygenating the blood. A. Flail chest / hyperventilation B. Hemoptysis/ Hypoventilation C. Pneumothorax/ Hypoxia D. Cardiac contusion/ Hyperkalemia ```

Answer 109

C. Pneumothorax/ Hypoxia Rationale: Flail chest is possible but with paradoxical movement normally lungs sounds present bilaterally Hemoptysis is coughing up of blood not listed Cardiac contusion would present with chest pain

Question 110

Your patient is a 41 year old female who was found lying prone in the kitchen. She does not appear to be conscious and there is a pool of saliva next to her head. You and your partner log roll her into a supine position while maintaining c-spine stabilization. Just as you get the woman rolled over her husband tells you that she has a previous history of heart attacks. What would be the most appropriate course of action to take next? A. Do a jaw thrust to open her airway B. Have your partner get the AED, Attach it to the patient, and analyze C. Verify a palpable pulse, attach the AED, and prepare to analyze D. Suction the airway prior to opening the airway

Answer 110

A. Do a jaw thrust to open her airway Rationale: If a patient has no pulse you would start compressions before attaching the AED for each of the AED answers Open the airway prior to suctioning and suction prior to Bagging a patient

Question 111

What is the desired effect of nitroglycerin?

Answer 111

Dilate the coronary arteries to improve blood flow and oxygen to the heart

Question 112

What does a Radio Repeater do?

Answer 112

Improves the 2 way radio range. | Repeaters are used in high rise buildings to improve reception in the building and to improve distance

Question 113

How does a SPO2 monitor work and what can contribute to false readings?

Answer 113

The infrared light reads the amount of red blood cells carrying oxygen in the blood. Carbon monoxide has a stronger bond to hemoglobin (red blood cells) than oxygen and attaches to the red blood cells easier than oxygen leaving the oxygen stranded without a transport giving a false reading

Question 114

Dispatch has called you to the scene of a U.S. mail truck that slid out of control on a dirt road and rolled over. Bystanders reported the truck has caught on fire and the driver is outside the truck trying to gather the dumped mail. As you arrive on scene the fire department is just getting the fire out and the driver of the truck is standing back watching the smoldering mess. You should: A. Get a SAMPLE history on the driver B. Do a focused assessment on the driver C. Get the driver to sign a transport refusal form D. Do a standing backboard technique on the driver

Answer 114

D. Do a standing backboard technique on the driver Rationale: Given the mechanism of injury of a rollover, you should take c-spine precautions for this patient with a standing backboard technique. Adrenalin can mask serious injury and although the driver is walking around/ standing, that does not mean they are free of neck or spinal trauma. The patient can refuse, but he will need to be informed of the possible consequences.

Question 115

``` During an assessment of a 78 year old woman you find her skin to be cool, moist, and pale. What would you suspect? A. Hyperthermia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hyperglycemia D. Hypoperfusion ```

Answer 115

D. Hypoperfusion Rationale: Pale, Cool, skin suggests a lack of oxygen or hypoperfusion of the tissue Hyperglycemia usually has flushed skin as well as hyperthermia

Question 116

``` Tachypnea, tachycardia and normal blood pressure are signs of what stage of shock? A. Compensated B. Decompensated C. Irreversible D. Both A & B ```

Answer 116

A. Compensated Rationale: In decompensated shock the blood pressure begins to drop along with altered level of consciousness In irreversible shock the patient has a low heart rate, blood pressure and irregular breathing

Question 117

``` Which of the following choices is a normal respiratory rate for school age children? A. 30-60 BPM B. 24-40 BPM C. 18-30 BPM D. 12-16 BPM ```

Answer 117

C. 18-30 BPM | School age is 6-12 years of age

Question 118

For a trauma patient that is unconscious and you do not know the mechanism of injury, you should always assume the patient?

Answer 118

Has a spinal injury. Rationale: Always take c-spine precautions on a patient if you do not know the reason for the altered LOC. You should assume the patient has a spinal injury.

Question 119

An inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection and marked by intense headache and fever, sensitivity to light, and muscular rigidity, leading (in severe cases) to convulsions, delirium, and death.

Answer 119

Meningitis signs/symptoms normally seen is fever, nuchal rigidity (stiff neck) and altered level of consciousness. Rationale: Meningitis is a viral or bacterial infection/inflammation of the meningeal lining of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 120

You have just arrived on scene of a single vehicle accident involving a truck that has slid off the road and rolled. Your patient was driving about 40 MPH when he hit an icy spot and went off the road rolling the vehicle one time. After completing your scene size up, which of the following treatment choices would be the most appropriate? A. Check baseline vitals, do a focused exam on the patient's chief complaint B. Perform a rapid trauma assessment C.Perform a detailed physical examination to uncover any life threatening injuries D. Get a SAMPLE history and do a focused physical examination

Answer 120

B. Perform a rapid trauma assessment Rationale: A rapid trauma assessment should be used first with a significant method of injury suspected. Going off the road and rolling a vehicle at 40 MPH is significant. The rapid assessment will help you determine and deal with any potential life threats.

Question 121

You are called to the scene of a man down. Dispatch reports the man is pulseless and bystanders are doing CPR. According to the NREMT Cardiac Arrest Management/AED skill sheet, which of the following sequences is appropriate? A. Check for responsiveness, Assess for breathing, Check carotid pulse , put your gloves on B. Question the bystanders, direct them to stop CPR , check for pulse and then attach the AED, Begin chest compressions C. Turn on power to AED, open the patient's airway, insert an adjunct and then analyze the rhythm while doing chest compressions D. Check breathing and pulse simultaneously, patient is pulseless and apneic, immediately begin chest compressions

Answer 121

D. Check breathing and pulse simultaneously, patient is pulseless and apneic, immediately begin chest compressions Rationale The best answer is D. Scene safe and PPE should be done first but not listed in that order answer A, Chest compressions begin before attaching the AED answer B, An AED cannot analyze the rhythm while performing chest compressions answer C

Question 122

``` A man has both legs burned on the front and back, along with the fronts of both arms. Approximately what percentage of his body was burned? A. 36 percent B. 45 percent C. 50 percent D. 54 percent ```

Answer 122

B. 45 percent Rationale: Each leg is 18% and the front of each arm counts as 4.5 for a total of 45%.

Question 123

It's 7:30 a.m. and you arrive on scene of a two car collision involving at least 6 patients on a foggy corner of a fairly busy country road. The fire department is not there yet and there is smoke and flames showing from both cars. You can hear people crying and cars are already driving around the wreckage to get past the scene. What steps should you take? A. Get the fire department en route, establish a safety zone and assist in keeping traffic a safe distance away B. Begin extrication of the patients while your partner calls for more ambulances C. Triage the most critically injured first and then extricate them in order of severity D. Inform the patients that you are not allowed by law to enter the zone until it is made safe by law enforcement

Answer 123

A. Get the fire department en route, establish a safety zone and assist in keeping traffic a safe distance away Rationale: Scene safety before all else in this case. The best thing you can do for everybody is assist in keeping the accident from getting even larger with traffic and crowd control until the proper authorities get there and you can administer medical attention in a safe environment.

Question 124

What is the difference between Infarction of a cell and ischemia of a cell?

Answer 124

Infarction is tissue death (necrosis) caused by a reduction / stoppage in blood flow due to artery blockages, mechanical compression, rupture, or vasoconstriction Ischemia is a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive). Ischemia is generally caused by problems with blood vessels, with resultant damage to or dysfunction of tissue.

Question 125

``` Signs and symptoms of Cushing's phenomenon include all of the following except: A. Hypertension B. Tachycardia C. Biot's respirations D. irregular respirations ```

Answer 125

B. Tachycardia Rationale: Signs and symptoms of Cushing's phenomenon include: hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations, central neurogenic hyperventilation, and Biot respirations. Cushing's triad signs and symptoms are caused by a significant head trauma, also referred to as herniation syndrome. The intracranial pressure increases forcing the brain stem and the midbrain through the foramen magnum.

Question 126

Which of the following is considered a sign? A. The patient states she is dizzy B. The patient says she took her insulin C. There is blood in the vomit of the patient D. The patient states she has a headache

Answer 126

C. There is blood in the vomit of the patient Rationale: A sign is any medical or trauma assessment finding that can be seen, felt, or heard by the provider. A symptom is any medical or trauma condition that is described to the provider by the patient.

Question 127

``` All of the following are contraindications of oral glucose except: A. Hypoglycemia B. Nausea C. Vomiting D. Decreased level of consciousness ```

Answer 127

Decreased level of consciousness Rationale: Nausea, vomiting, and decreased levels of consciousness are contraindicated for the use of oral glucose. Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is an indication for the use of oral glucose.

Question 128

All of the following are indications for Nitroglycerin except? A. Systolic BP > 100mmHg B. Patient has their own nitro C. Chest pain D. Patient has taken vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn) in the last 48 hours.

Answer 128

D. Patient has taken vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn) in the last 48 hours. Rationale: Levitra, Cialis, Viagra along with pulmonary hypertension drugs are contraindications to taking nitro. A BP of < 100 mmHg is a contraindication.

Question 129

``` Upon assessment of a 55 year old male, you find his blood pressure to be 124/75 his pulse is 122 and his respirations are 18. It would be stated that this man is? A. Tachycardic B. Tachypneic C. Hypotensive D. Hypertensive ```

Answer 129

A. Tachycardic Rationale: Tachypnea is indicated by a breathing rate greater than 20 breaths per minute. Hypotension is low blood pressure Hypertension is high blood pressure which is in normal limits

Question 130

``` You are assessing an 84 year old man. Upon auscultation of the lungs you discover crackles or rale sounds. He is complaining of chest pain and congestion. These signs and symptoms can indicate? A. An air embolism B. Left ventricular failure C. Right ventricular failure D. Tension pneumothorax ```

Answer 130

B. Left ventricular failure Rationale: Inability of the heart to pump blood to the body via the left ventricle so it backs up into the lungs. If it was right side failure the blood would back up into the body i.e. The feet and legs with pedal edema

Question 131

A 73 year old female was in her backyard gardening when she collapsed to the ground. Her husband told 911 that "she is breathing very fast and will not talk to me." You arrive to find the woman lying on her side in the grass. She is breathing at 7 breaths per minute and her pulse is irregular and very thready. Her lungs also present with crackles upon auscultation As you are taking a blood pressure (88/66) the husband tells you that the woman has been having jaw pain and some weakness for approximately 3 days. What is the most likely cause of this woman's condition and how would you treat her? A. Hypoperfusion, High flow O2, and transport in Fowler's position B. Cardiac arrest, Treat for shock, and rapid transport C. Septic shock, Transport in a position of comfort with high flow O2 via NRB D. Cardiogenic shock, Assist ventilations, and transport

Answer 131

D. Cardiogenic shock, Assist ventilations, and transport Rationale: This woman is likely experiencing pump failure and she is Hypoperfusing. Her poor respiration rate necessitates assisted ventilations. Transporting in the Fowler's would not be appropriate as it would increase the work load on the heart. Gravity increases the difficulty of pumping blood to the brain when the head and chest are elevated.

Question 132

``` A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) will usually stop after? A. 30-60 minutes B. 1-2 days C. 10-15 minutes D. 8 Hours ```

Answer 132

C. 10-15 minutes Rationale: Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a blockage of vessels in the brain that usually subsides after a period of 10 to 15 minutes. However, if the patient's symptoms persist longer than 15 minutes, continue to treat the patient as if they are having a CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident). If resolution takes place within the 10-15 minutes, then chances are they have had a TIA. The final diagnosis of TIA is made if the symptoms resolve within 24 hours and is determined by a physician.

Question 133

A 57 year old woman is complaining of chest pain. Her blood pressure is 109/88 and her respirations are at 22 per minute. What condition does the patient's blood pressure indicate? A. Paradoxical pressure B. Low Pulse pressure C. Systolic trans cardiac ischemia D. Biot's sign

Answer 133

B. Low Pulse pressure Rationale: A pulse pressure is considered abnormally low if it is less than 25% of the systolic value. In this question it is about 20% of the systolic value. The pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic measurements of the blood pressure. 109 systolic - 88 diastolic = 21 mmHg. In trauma a low pulse pressure suggests significant blood loss. If the pulse pressure is extremely low, i.e. 25 mmHg or less, the cause may be low stroke volume, as in Congestive Heart Failure and/or shock. A low pulse pressure can also be caused by aortic valve stenosis and cardiac tamponade.

Question 134

You arrive on scene of an unknown medical to find a man and a woman unconscious in their kitchen. You are finishing a rapid trauma assessment on the woman when your partner says she smells something odd and is feeling dizzy. Your best course of action would be to: A. See if your partner can identify the odor B. Remove yourself from the scene and advise dispatch of the situation C. Call dispatch and request hazmat assistance while maintaining the patient's airway D. Place both patients on high flow O2 and pull them out of the house

Answer 134

B. Remove yourself from the scene and advise dispatch of the situation Rationale: This situation would lead you to assume the area may be contaminated with a hazardous substance. At this point you should revert back to scene safety and remove yourself from the environment. While removing the patient with you may be possible, you would not want to put O2 on them first.

Question 135

What should be done to a French tip catheter after suctioning a patient's airway? A. Put it in the sharps container B. Take it home for your kids to play with C. Throw it away D. Flush with sterile water in preparation for additional suctioning

Answer 135

D. Flush with sterile water in preparation for additional suctioning Rationale: Anticipating the need for additional suctioning should be followed by cleansing of the catheter with sterile water.

Question 136

After the baby's head has delivered you should? A. Suction the nose then mouth and wait for the mother to push the rest of the baby out B. Support the head and gently pull the baby out C. Put the mother on high flow O2 and prepare to deliver the rest of the infant. D. Suction the mouth and nose then check if the cord is wrapped around the infant's neck

Answer 136

D. Suction the mouth and nose then check if the cord is wrapped around the infant's neck Rationale: As soon as the head has exited the vagina you should suction the mouth and nose and check to see that the cord is not wrapped around the baby's neck.

Question 137

``` Of the following, where shouldn't attention be focused during secondary assessment of the arms? A. Accessory muscle use B. Distal circulation C. Motor function D. Medical jewelry ```

Answer 137

A. Accessory muscle use Rationale: During secondary assessment of the arms, attention should be focused on: Pain, distal circulation, sensation, motor function, track marks, and medical jewelry

Question 138

Which list includes only the "Five Rights" of medication administration? A. Patient, medication, indication, dose, and time. B. Patient, medication, dose, route, and time. C. Medication, dose, time, route, and documentation. D. Medication, dose, generic name, route, and documentation

Answer 138

B. Patient, medication, dose, route, and time. Rationale: The "Five Rights" of medication administration are: patient, medication, dose, route, and time.

Question 139

You arrive on scene to find a 34-year-old male lying on the ground in a pool of blood. Bright, red blood is spurting from a large cut in his shirt sleeve and he is clutching a knife between his teeth. What should you do first? A. Have your partner distract the patient while you take the knife from him B. Inform the patient you will not hurt him and treat the injury C. Leave the scene until police arrive to make the scene safe D. Call for police backup and then treat the wound

Answer 139

C. Leave the scene until police arrive to make the scene safe Rationale: Scene safety comes before all other choices and until the police arrive AND secure the scene you are to keep a safe distance and advise others to do the same. You are not in a position to render this scene safe.

Question 140

Signs and symptoms of concussion include all of the following except: A. Delayed motor and verbal responses B. Inappropriate emotional responses C. Inability to recall simple concepts and words D. Discoloration around eyes and ears

Answer 140

D. Discoloration around eyes and ears Rationale: Signs and symptoms of concussion include: delayed motor and verbal responses, inability to focus attention, lack of coordination, disorientation, inappropriate emotional responses, memory deficit, inability to recall simple concepts and words, nausea/vomiting, and headache. Discoloration around eyes and ears are not definitive signs of a concussion.

Question 141

Cellular respiration and cellular metabolism are best described as: A. The exchange of respiratory gases between the systemic capillaries and the surrounding tissue beds B. The use of oxygen and carbohydrates to produce energy and the creation of carbon dioxide and water by-products C. The exchange of respiratory gases between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillary bed D. The use of oxygen to create hemoglobin in the blood stream

Answer 141

B. The use of oxygen and carbohydrates to produce energy and the creation of carbon dioxide and water by-products Rationale: The exchange of gases between the capillaries and tissue beds is respiration but does not include metabolism

Question 142

You are called to a home where a 91 year old man has had a syncopal episode and is vomiting. The caregiver who called 911 stated that the patient's bowel movements have been bright red since yesterday. The patient has not complained of any pain, but is nauseated. What is most likely wrong with this man and which choice includes appropriate treatment steps? A. He has a lower GI bleed and should be given O2 via nasal cannula at 4LPM and transported in a position of comfort while treating for shock B. He has an upper GI bleed and should be transported sitting up with high flow O2 administered via a non rebreather mask at 15 LPM. C. He has pancreatitis and should be given high flow O2 via NRB at 15 LPM. Rapid transport in a left lateral recumbent position while keeping him warm will help avoid shock. D. He has had a TIA and should be given high flow oxygen via NRB and transported on his effected side to the nearest hospital

Answer 142

A. He has a lower GI bleed and should be given O2 via nasal cannula at 4LPM and transported in a position of comfort while treating for shock Rationale: The bright red blood in the bowel movements is indicative of a lower GI bleed. Answer 1,2, and 3 all utilize an NRB to deliver high flow O2. Given that the patient is vomiting and nauseated, it would be advisable to use a nasal cannula, rather than an NRB, to help avoid potential airway compromise if the patient continues to vomit.

Question 143

A child between 3-5 years of age would have normal vitals if they were? A. 35 breaths a minute, pulse of 88, and Systolic BP of 100 B. 24 breaths a minute, pulse of 76, and Systolic BP of 98 C. 20 breaths a minute, pulse of 100, and Systolic BP of 110 D. 20 breaths a minute, pulse of 120, and Systolic BP of 120

Answer 143

C. 20 breaths a minute, pulse of 100, and Systolic BP of 110 Rationale: A child between 3 and 5 (preschool-age) should have respirations between 20-30, a pulse of 80-120, and a systolic BP of 80 - 110.

Question 144

``` A train derailment has caused two tanker cars to explode and several others to begin leaking an unknown gas. The size of the affected area is large and crosses several county lines. According to NIMS, this type of MCI would benefit most from a: A. Unified Command System B. Multiple Command System C. Singular Command System D. Coordinated Command System ```

Answer 144

A. Unified Command System Rationale: Unified Command Systems can involve many different agencies such as EMS, Fire Departments, Law Enforcement, City Managers, County Commissioners, etc.

Question 145

``` leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or greater medical training. ```

Answer 145

abandonment

Question 146

What are the quadrants of the abdomen and how many?

Answer 146

``` four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury: RUQ the right upper quadrant LUQ the left upper quadrant RLQ the right lower quadrant LLQ the left lower quadrant ```

Question 147

Also known as a scratch or scrape to the skin?

Answer 147

Abrasion

Question 148

What is the term for a spontaneous (miscarriage) or | induced termination of pregnancy?

Answer 148

Abortion

Question 149

a condition in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall; a cause of pre-birth bleeding. Usually with sudden back or abdominal pain

Answer 149

Abruptio Placentae

Question 150

``` The route a poisons enters the body through unbroken skin is known as? A. Inhaled B. Injected C. absorbed D. ingestion ```

Answer 150

C. absorbed

Question 151

``` The pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint is known as? A. Acetabulum B. Acromioclavicular C. Anterior Cruciate joint D. Iliac ischium joint ```

Answer 151

A. Acetabulum Rationale: Acromioclavicular is the shoulder joint, the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the knee ligament.

Question 152

The shoulder joint where the acromion and the | clavicle meet is called?

Answer 152

Acromioclavicular joint

Question 153

A substance that adsorbs many poisons and prevents them from being absorbed by the body is called?

Answer 153

Activated Charcoal

Question 154

``` In which space of the body would you find the pancreas? A. Subriatal space B. Retroperitoneal space C. Pericardial space D. Peritoneal space ```

Answer 154

B. Retroperitoneal space Rationale: The retroperitoneal space resides posterior to the peritoneal space and contains the kidneys as well as vessels.

Question 155

``` You are dispatched to the residence of a 46-year-old patient complaining of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping. She states that the onset occurred shortly after eating some cheesecake. Her only medical history is lactose intolerance. Her blood pressure is 136/88 mm Hg. Her radial pulse is 94 beats per minute and her respiratory rate is 18 breaths per minute. She vomited 2 times prior to your arrival. From what condition is this patient suffering? A. Gastrointestinal reflux disease B. Diverticulitis C. Peptic ulcer disease D. Acute gastroenteritis ```

Answer 155

D. Acute gastroenteritis Rationale: GERD symptoms: Heartburn, regurgitation, dyspepsia, dysphagia, sore throat Diverticulitis symptoms- Pain lower left side of abdomen, N/V, fever, constipation Peptic ulcer- symptoms Burning pain that lasts weeks usually goes away after you take an antacid, Bloating

Question 156

``` You are called to a nursing home for a patient with swelling to her legs. Upon arrival, you find a 76-year-old patient sitting in a wheelchair. Assessment confirms pitting edema to both lower legs. You are able to palpate a dorsalis pedal pulse bilaterally. Her skin is warm, pink and dry. Her lungs are clear bilaterally. Which of the following would you suspect? A. Deep vein Thrombosis B. Bilateral acute arterial occlusion C. Atherosclerosis D. Chronic CHF ```

Answer 156

D. Chronic CHF Rationale: DVT signs usually include swelling in the affected leg rarely in both legs. Pain in the leg. Bilateral acute arterial occlusion is an embolism normally in the upper leg usually small Atherosclerosis is plaque in the arteries

Question 157

``` You are treating a 49-year-old patient who complains of intense pain between his shoulder blades radiating to his lower back. Pain began 10 minutes prior to your arrival while he was eating and has been constant. he rates the pain as 10 out of 10. Pain is described as a sharp tearing pain. He has no significant past medical history. Blood pressure is 130/76 mm Hg in the right arm and 78/48 in the left arm. Radial pulse in his right arm is 98 beats per minute and regular, and a respiratory rate of 20 and non labored. What condition would you suspect? A. Myocardial infarction B. Angina Pectoris C. Congestive heart failure D. Aortic dissection ```

Answer 157

D. Aortic dissection Rationale: An MI, Angina or CHF normally do not present with pain between the shoulders or interarm blood pressure differences.

Question 158

``` The single largest cause of death for Americans is/are? A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B. Cancer C. Coronary heart disease D. Traumatic injuries ```

Answer 158

C. Coronary heart disease

Question 159

``` Your patient is a 52-year-old male complaining of dull, achy chest pains. He is alert & oriented but upon assessment, you notice his skin is pale, cool and clammy. What is your next step? A. Obtain a SAMPLE history B. Apply an AED C. Administer supplemental Oxygen D. Assist with his wife's nitroglycerin ```

Answer 159

C. Administer supplemental Oxygen Rationale: Patient is showing signs of shock need to treat life threatening first.

Question 160

``` What is cardiac compromise? A. Angina B. Heart Attack C. A period when the heart stops D. Any type of heart problem ```

Answer 160

D. Any type of heart problem

Question 161

``` An AED is used to treat patients in: A. Ventricular Fibrillation B. Asystole C. Pulseless Electrical activity D. Bradycardia ```

Answer 161

A. Ventricular Fibrillation Rationale: When the heart is in VFib (ventricular fibrillation) the hearts electrical activity becomes disordered. The shock resets the electrical pathways.

Question 162

``` What is the normal heart rate for a newborn ( 0- 3 months)? A. 140-160 B. 120-140 C. 100-120 D. 80-100 ```

Answer 162

A. 140-160 Rationale: When you deliver a baby if the heart rate is below 100 you begin assisting respirations with a BVM (bag valve mask) if below 60 cardiac compressions begin

Question 163

``` The two flap valve on the left side of the heart is called? A. Bivalve B. Aortic valve C. Bicuspid valve D. Pulmonary valve ```

Answer 163

C. Bicuspid valve Rationale: The two flap valve is called the mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve. The three flap valve located in the right atrium is the Tricuspid valve.

Question 164

``` The three flap valve in the right side of the heart is called? A. tri-valve B. Pulmonary valve C. Tricuspid valve D. Bicuspid valve ```

Answer 164

C. Tricuspid valve Rationale: The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The two flap valve on the left side of the heart is called the bicuspid valve.

Question 165

``` The cardiovascular system is made up of three major components; which of the following is not a component of the cardiovascular system? A. Heart B. Myoglobin C. Blood vessels D. Blood ```

Answer 165

B. Myoglobin Rationale: Myoglobin is a protein found in the muscle tissue not part of the cardiovascular system

Question 166

``` Name the layers of the heart from the outside in? A. pericardium, endocardium, epicardium B. myocardium, epicardium, endocardium C. epicardium, myocardium, endocardium D. endocardium, myocardium, epicardium ```

Answer 166

C. epicardium, myocardium, endocardium Rationale: the prefix "epi" means above on or over. Myocardium is the middle layer "myo" means muscle. the prefix "endo" means inward or within

Question 167

Which of the following complaints is often used to describe chest pain resulting from a cardiac event? A. Sharp stabbing pain which can be located with one finger B. A ton of bricks on my chest C. A tickling feeling D. Sharp tearing pain between my shoulder blades

Answer 167

B. A ton of bricks on my chest Rationale: Sharp stabbing pain usually all over can't pinpoint, sharp tearing pain is most often an aortic dissection

Question 168

``` What artery carries deoxygenated blood and which vein carries oxygenated blood? A. Pulmonary, Aorta B. Pulmonary, inferior vena cava C. Pulmonary, Pulmonary D. Aorta, Superior vena cava ```

Answer 168

C. Pulmonary, Pulmonary Rationale: Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Question 169

``` All of the following are blood components responsible for clot formation except? A. Platelets B. Plaque C. Thrombin D. Fibrin ```

Answer 169

B. Plaque Rationale: Plaque is formed with fat, calcium and other substances combined with cholesterol.

Question 170

Where does blood travel when it leaves the right ventricle of the heart? A. To the pulmonary veins, then to the lungs B. To the Aorta, then out to the body C. To the vena cava then to the left atrium D. To the pulmonary arteries, then to the lungs

Answer 170

D. To the pulmonary arteries, then to the lungs Rationale: Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium then to the right ventricle then through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.

Question 171

``` Research shows that most cases of inappropriate delivered shocks from the AED have been caused by? A. Mechanical interference B. Improperly charged batteries C. Human Error D. Malfunctioning defibrillator pads ```

Answer 171

C. Human Error Rationale: Almost all documented cases of inappropriate shocks have been attributed to human error, such as using the AED in a moving vehicle or operating it on a patient with a pulse.

Question 172

Which statement about the assessment of a patient with cardiac compromise is correct? A. You cannot determine the degree of cardiac damage in the field B. You should not ask patients about nitroglycerin or medications C. The purpose of the focused history is to determine whether to use the AED D. Patients usually describe cardiac pain as localized and moderately severe

Answer 172

A. You cannot determine the degree of cardiac damage in the field Rationale: It is impossible to determine the actual degree of tissue damage in the field, so the purpose of the focused assessment is to gather information for the receiving facility. You should always ask about medications; it is the M of SAMPLE. The focused history has nothing to do with AED use. Cardiac pain has all sorts of presentations, making it difficult to differentiate from other conditions.

Question 173

The Left Atrium: A. receives blood from the arteries of the body B. receives blood from the vena cava C. receives blood from the pulmonary vein D. pumps blood out to the body through the Aorta

Answer 173

C. receives blood from the pulmonary vein Rationale: The right atrium receives blood from the vena cava, the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle pumps blood to the Aorta to the body

Question 174

``` You should apply the AED pads to your patient when he? A. complains of chest pain B. Is unconscious and breathing C. Is pulseless and apneic D. is having a seizure ```

Answer 174

C. Is pulseless and apneic Rationale: An AED should be attached only if a patient has no pulse and is not breathing

Question 175

``` What are the two lower chambers of the heart called? A. Ventricles B. Atriums C. Arterioles D. Venules ```

Answer 175

A. Ventricles Rationale: the upper chambers of the heart are the atrium, arterioles and venules are the smaller arteries and veins

Question 176

``` You are dispatched to a 65-year old male who is complaining of severe chest pain, and has a history of cardiac problems. What is the primary role of medical direction in this scenario? A. Medical direction serves no purpose B. Give authorization for interventions C. Talk to and calm the patient D. Talk to the family and calm them ```

Answer 176

B. Give authorization for interventions Rationale: If the patient needs assistance with medications medical direction can give authorization

Question 177

``` You are dispatched to a 70-year old male who is complaining of chest pain, and has a history of cardiac problems. If you assist in the administration of nitroglycerin, what is the maximum dosage to be given, without additional medical direction? A. 2 tablets B. 3 tablets C. 4 tablets D. 5 tablets ```

Answer 177

B. 3 tablets Rationale: The maximum dosage amount is three tablets, or sprays, without additional medical direction.

Question 178

``` You are dispatched to a 75-year old female patient who is complaining of extreme chest pain, and trouble breathing. This patient is a high-capacity chain-smoker, and over-weight. Which of the following is most likely to be present? A. Pulmonary edema B. Coronary artery disease C. Pulseless electrical activity D. Ventricular Fibrillation ```

Answer 178

B. Coronary artery disease Rationale: With this patient you could suspect many things, however the best choice is coronary artery disease. PEA and VFib are lethal electrical rhythms its possible to have pulmonary edema but extreme chest pain is not normally a symptom

Question 179

``` You are dispatched to a 21-year old male patient who has an elevated pulse. When asked what he was doing, he replies, "I was just running". From the given information, what do you suspect? A. the patient needs an AED B. Nothing this is normal at this point C. The patient needs to be transported D. The patient needs a nitro tablet ```

Answer 179

B. Nothing this is normal at this point Rationale: Try not to look too deep into the question. Only look at the facts. he is not pulseless (AED)

Question 180

You are dispatched to a 75-year old female patient who is currently in cardiac arrest. After one shock via the AED she begins breathing at 15 breaths per minute, and has a strong carotid pulse; what is your next step? A. Assist ventilations with a bag valve mask B. Provide supplemental oxygen via Non rebreather mask C. Continue to administer shocks D. Request a non transport and leave the scene

Answer 180

B. Provide supplemental oxygen via Non rebreather mask Rationale: The next step after shocking with the AED, and the patient is breathing and has a pulse, is to apply high concentration oxygen via NRB. If the respiratory rate is above or below the minimum and maximum limits, however, you would assist with a bag valve mask.

Question 181

You are dispatched to a 50-year old male patient who is having extreme chest pain. Of the following, which is a contraindication to administer nitro? A. The patient has a prescription B. Medical direction approves C. The patient has a systolic pressure greater than 100 D. The patient has a systolic pressure less than 100

Answer 181

D. The patient has a systolic pressure less than 100 Rationale: Because Nitro is a Vasodilator it should not be administered to a patient with a systolic blood pressure of below 100, because it may cause their blood pressure to drop to a dangerous level.

Question 182

You are dispatched to a 53-year old female patient who has extreme chest pain. Upon gaining medical direction to administer nitroglycerin, you administer one tablet. What action should you now perform? A. If chest pain continues administer a second nitro B. Begin transport C. Check blood pressure D. continue with the SAMPLE history

Answer 182

C. Check blood pressure Rationale: Because nitro is a vasodilator you should always check the patient's blood pressure after giving nitro and before giving another dose.

Question 183

Unilateral termination of care by the EMT without the patient's consent and without making provisions for transferring care to another medical professional with skills and training necessary to meet the needs of the patient.

Answer 183

Abandonment

Question 184

The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion and excretion. It is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis

Answer 184

Abdomen

Question 185

A rapidly fatal condition in which the walls of the aorta in the abdomen weaken and blood leaks into the layers of the vessel, causing it to bulge

Answer 185

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm also known as (AAA)

Question 186

Airway, Breathing and Circulation

Answer 186

ABC's

Question 187

Four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of the pain or injury: RUQ right upper quadrant, LUQ left upper quadrant, RLQ right lower quadrant, LLQ left lower quadrant.

Answer 187

Abdominal quadrants

Question 188

Spontaneous (miscarriage) or induced termination of pregnancy

Answer 188

Abortion

Question 189

A loss or damage of the superficial layer of skin as a result of a body part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface; a scratch or scrape

Answer 189

Abrasion

Question 190

The preferred method to dislodge a severe airway obstruction in adults and children; also called the Heimlich maneuver.

Answer 190

Abdominal-thrust maneuver

Question 191

Motion of a limb away from the midline.

Answer 191

Abduction

Question 192

A condition in which the placenta separates from the Uterine wall; a cause of pre-birth bleeding

Answer 192

Abruptio Placentae

Question 193

The process by which medications or poisons pass through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.

Answer 193

Absorption

Question 194

Gaining access to an enclosed area and reaching a patient

Answer 194

Access

Question 195

The secondary muscles of respiration. This may include the neck muscles, chest muscles and the abdominal muscles.

Answer 195

Accessory Muscles

Question 196

The pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint

Answer 196

Acetabulum

Question 197

A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the blood and body tissues

Answer 197

Acidosis

Question 198

A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder

Answer 198

Acromioclavicular Joint (AC Joint)

Question 199

The therapeutic effect of a medication on the body

Answer 199

Action

Question 200

An oral medication that binds and absorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses

Answer 200

Activated Charcoal

Question 201

A technique that involves compressing the chest and then actively pulling it back up to its neutral position or beyond (decompression)

Answer 201

CPR- Active compression-decompression

Question 202

Application of an external heat source to rewarm the body of a hypothermic patient

Answer 202

Active rewarming

Question 203

A condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen, usually indicating peritonitis.

Answer 203

Acute abdomen

Question 204

A blanket term used to represent any symptoms related to the, lack of Oxygen, (ischemia) in the heart muscle also called cardiac compromise

Answer 204

Acute Coronary syndrome

Question 205

A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction to it; in this context the attack is new or happening right now

Answer 205

Acute Myocardial infarction

Question 206

A firm prominence of cartilage that forms the upper part of the larynx. It is more prominent in men than women. It is also called the Thyroid cartilage

Answer 206

Adam's apple

Question 207

A state of overwhelming obsession or physical need to continue to use a substance.

Answer 207

Addiction

Question 208

Motion of a limb "toward" the midline

Answer 208

Adduction

Question 209

The nucleotide involved in energy metabolism; used to store energy

Answer 209

Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP

Question 210

Children between the ages of 13 to 18 years

Answer 210

Adolescents

Question 211

Endocrine glands located at the top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 211

Adrenal glands

Question 212

Pertaining to nerves that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or noradrenaline; also pertains to the receptors acted on by norepinephrine

Answer 212

Adrenergic

Question 213

The process of binding or sticking to a surface

Answer 213

Adsorption

Question 214

Root word for Heart?

Answer 214

CARDI

Question 215

Root word for Liver?

Answer 215

Hepat

Question 216

Root word for Kidney?

Answer 216

Nephr

Question 217

Root word for nerves?

Answer 217

Neur

Question 218

Root word for Mind?

Answer 218

Psych

Question 219

Root word for chest?

Answer 219

Thorac

Question 220

What does the prefix "Hyper" stand for?

Answer 220

Over, excessive, high example- Hyperventilation fast respirations

Question 221

What does the prefix "Hypo" stand for?

Answer 221

under, below normal example Hypothermia- low temperature

Question 222

What does the prefix "Tachy" stand for?

Answer 222

rapid, fast example Tachycardia- fast heart rate

Question 223

What does the prefix "Brady" stand for?

Answer 223

slow example Bradypnea- slow breathing

Question 224

What does the prefix "PRE" stand for?

Answer 224

before example prenatal before birth

Question 225

What does the prefix "Post" stand for?

Answer 225

after, behind example postsurgical- after surgery

Question 226

What is the meaning of the suffix "al"?

Answer 226

pertaining to example- syncopal- pertaining to the loss of conciousness

Question 227

What is the meaning of the suffix "algia"?

Answer 227

pertaining to pain- example- Myalgia- muscle pain

Question 228

What is the meaning of the suffix "ectomy"?

Answer 228

surgical removal of- example appendectomy- surgical removal of appendix

Question 229

What is the meaning of the suffix "ic"?

Answer 229

pertaining to - example- Diaphoretic- pertaining to sweat

Question 230

What is the meaning of the suffix "itis"

Answer 230

inflammation- example- epiglottitis- inflammation of the epiglottis

Question 231

What is the meaning of the suffix "logy"?

Answer 231

study of- example- cardiology study of the heart

Question 232

What is the meaning of the suffix "logist"?

Answer 232

specialist- example pulmonologist, specialist in diseases of the lungs

Question 233

What is the meaning of the suffix "megally"?

Answer 233

enlargement- example cardiomegaly, enlargement of the heart

Question 234

What is the meaning of the suffix "Meter"?

Answer 234

measuring instrument- example sphygmomanometer, instrument to measure blood pressure

Question 235

What is the meaning of the suffix "oma"?

Answer 235

tumor (usually referring to cancer)- example Lymphoma, cancer of the lymphatic system

Question 236

What is the meaning of the suffix "pathy"?

Answer 236

disease- example- nephropathy, disease of the kidneys

Question 237

What is the meaning of the prefix "semi"?

Answer 237

Half or partial- example semiconscious, partially concious

Question 238

What is the meaning of the prefix "Hemi"?

Answer 238

Half, one sided- example- Hemiplegia, paralysis of one side of the body

Question 239

What is the meaning of the prefix "Ambi"?

Answer 239

Both- example- Ambidextrous, able to use either hand equally well

Question 240

What is the meaning of the prefix "Pan"?

Answer 240

All, entire- example- Pandemic, an epidemic over a wide area

Question 241

What does the root word "cyan' describe?

Answer 241

Blue- example- Cyanosis, blue discoloration of the skin

Question 242

What does the root word "leuk/o" describe?

Answer 242

White- example- Leukocyte, white blood cells that fight infection

Question 243

What does the root word "erythr/o describe?

Answer 243

Red- example- erythrocyte, red blood cells that carry hemoglobin to carry oxygen.

Question 244

What does the root word "cirrh/o describe?

Answer 244

yellow-orange- example- cirrhosis, inflammation of the liver causing yellow orange pigmentation of the skin/eyes

Question 245

What does the root word "melan/o?

Answer 245

Black- example- Melana, black tarry stool typically caused by upper GI bleeding

Question 246

What does the root word "alb"?

Answer 246

White- example- Albino, a person lacking skin pigmentation

Question 247

What is the meaning of the prefix "ab"?

Answer 247

away, from- example abduction, away from the point of reference

Question 248

What is the meaning of the prefix "ad"?

Answer 248

to, toward- example- adduction, toward the center

Question 249

What is the meaning of the prefix "de"?

Answer 249

down from, away- example- decay, to waste away

Question 250

What is the meaning of the prefix "circum"?

Answer 250

around, about- example- circumferential burn, a burn around the entire area (arm, chest, abdomen)

Question 251

What is the meaning of the prefix "peri"?

Answer 251

around- example- pericardium, the sac around the heart

Question 252

What is the meaning of the prefix "trans"?

Answer 252

across- example- Transverse colon, the middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach.

Question 253

What is the meaning of the prefix "EPI"?

Answer 253

Above, upon, on- example- Epigatsric, above or over the stomach

Question 254

What is the meaning of the prefix "supra"?

Answer 254

above, over- example- supraventricular tachycardia, An abnormally fast heart rhythm arising from improper electrical activity in the upper part of the heart.

Question 255

What is the meaning of the prefix "retro"?

Answer 255

behind- example- retroperitoneal, the area behind the peritoneum

Question 256

What is the meaning of the prefix "sub"?

Answer 256

under, beneath- example, subcutaneous, the lowest level of skin

Question 257

What is the meaning of the prefix "infra"?

Answer 257

below, under- example- infraclavicular, situated or occurring below the clavicle

Question 258

What is the meaning of the prefix "para"?

Answer 258

near, beside, beyond, apart from- example paraplegia, involving impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower limbs

Question 259

What is the meaning of the prefix "contra"?

Answer 259

against, opposite- example- contraindicated, something that is not indicated

Question 260

What is the meaning of the prefix "ecto"?

Answer 260

out, outside- example- ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus

Question 261

What is the meaning of the prefix "endo"?

Answer 261

within- example- endoscopy, examining inside someone's body

Question 262

What is the meaning of the prefix "extra"?

Answer 262

outside, in addition- example- extraneous, outside the organism and not belonging to it

Question 263

What is the meaning of the prefix "intra"?

Answer 263

Inside, within- example- intraosseous infusion, injecting directly into the bone marrow

Question 264

What is the meaning of the prefix "ipsi"?

Answer 264

same- example ipsilateral, on or affecting the same side

Question 265

The Nucleotide involved in energy metabolism; used to store energy?

Answer 265

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 266

Children between the ages of 12 and 18 years of age

Answer 266

Adolescents

Question 267

Endocrine glands located at the top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 267

Adrenal glands

Question 268

Pertaining to nerves that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or noradrenaline; also pertains to the receptors acted on by norepinephrine.

Answer 268

Adrenergic

Question 269

To bind or stick to a surface

Answer 269

AdsorptionReasoning example: many medications bind with activated charcoal

Question 270

Written documentation that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient should the patient become unable to make decisions; also called a living will or health care directive

Answer 270

Advance Directive

Question 271

An individual who has trained in specific aspects of advanced life support, such as IV therapy, and the administration of certain emergency medications

Answer 271

Advanced EMT (AEMT)

Question 272

Advanced life saving procedures, including cardiac monitoring, administration of IV fluids and medications and the use of advanced airway adjuncts

Answer 272

Advanced Life Support (ALS)

Question 273

Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles

Answer 273

Adventitious breath sounds

Question 274

Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen.

Answer 274

Aerobic metabolism

Question 275

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps

Answer 275

Afterload

Question 276

Occasional, gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped; seen in dying patients

Answer 276

Agonal respirations (GASPS)

Question 277

A medication that causes stimulation of receptors

Answer 277

Agonist

Question 278

The presence of air bubbles in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if they enter the heart

Answer 278

Air Embolism

Question 279

The spread of an organism via droplets or dust

Answer 279

Airborne transmission

Question 280

The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids

Answer 280

Alkalosis

Question 281

A type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiological source; it is the least harmful penetrating type of radiation and cannot travel more than a few inches or penetrate most objects

Answer 281

Alpha

Question 282

Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause constriction of the blood vessels

Answer 282

Alpha-adrenergic receptors

Question 283

Any deviation from alert and oriented to person, place, time and event, or any deviation from the patients normal baseline mental status, may signal disease in the central nervous system or elsewhere in the body.

Answer 283

Altered Mental status

Question 284

The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place

Answer 284

Alveoli

Question 285

The temperature of the surrounding environment

Answer 285

Ambient temperature

Question 286

The fluid filled baglike membrane in which the fetus develops

Answer 286

Amniotic sac

Question 287

An injury in which part of the body is completely severed

Answer 287

Amputation

Question 288

The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the main product of lactic acid

Answer 288

Anaerobic metabolism

Question 289

Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction

Answer 289

Anaphylactic shock

Question 290

An extreme life, threatening system, allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

Answer 290

Anaphylaxis

Question 291

The position of reference in which the patient stands facing forward, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward

Answer 291

Anatomic position

Question 292

Describes a condition in which the patient has too few red blood cells, resulting in a decreased ability to transport oxygen throughout the body via the bloodstream

Answer 292

Anemic

Question 293

An abnormal enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from the weakening of the vessel wall

Answer 293

Aneurysm

Question 294

Transient (short lived) chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle

Answer 294

Angina pectoris

Question 295

Localized areas of swelling beneath the skin, often around the eyes and lips, but can also involve other areas as well

Answer 295

Angioedema

Question 296

Naturally occurring uneven pupil size

Answer 296

Anisocoria

Question 297

A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications

Answer 297

Antagonist

Question 298

The front surface of the body; the side facing you in the standard anatomic position

Answer 298

Anterior

Question 299

A serum that counteracts the effect of venom from an animal or insect

Answer 299

Antivenin

Question 300

The main artery leaving the left side of the heart, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body

Answer 300

Aorta

Question 301

A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture

Answer 301

Aortic aneurysm

Question 302

The one way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta; one of four heart valves

Answer 302

Aortic valve

Question 303

A scoring system for assessing the status of a newborn that assigns a number value to each of 5 areas

Answer 303

Apgar score

Question 304

the inability to understand or produce speech

Answer 304

Aphasia

Question 305

Absence of spontaneous breathing- (Respiratory arrest)

Answer 305

Apnea

Question 306

Inflammation or infection of the appendix

Answer 306

Appendicitis

Question 307

a small tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen

Answer 307

Appendix

Question 308

The manner in which principles of ethics are incorporated into professional conduct

Answer 308

Applied ethics

Question 309

The smallest branches of the arteries leading to a vast network of capillaries

Answer 309

Arterioles

Question 310

A disease that causes the arteries to thicken, harden and calcify

Answer 310

Arteriosclerosis

Question 311

A blood vessel, consisting of 3 layers of tissue and smooth muscle, that carries blood away from the heart

Answer 311

Artery

Question 312

Fluid in the abdomen

Answer 312

Ascites

Question 313

A tracing on the ECG that is a result of interference such as patient movement

Answer 313

Artifact

Question 314

A technique that help ensure pathogens are not introduced anywhere in the procedure, achieved by sterilization of equipment, or use of antiseptics or disinfectants; often used for fast, invasive procedures such as starting an IV line

Answer 314

Aseptic technique

Question 315

In the context of airway, the introduction of vomitus or other foreign material in the lungs

Answer 315

Aspiration

Question 316

A medication that is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory ( reduces inflammation), and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping)

Answer 316

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA)

Question 317

Unlawfully placing a patient in fear of bodily harm

Answer 317

Assault

Question 318

An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucus lining of the respiratory passages

Answer 318

Asthma

Question 319

The complete absence of heart electrical activity

Answer 319

Asystole

Question 320

Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern

Answer 320

Ataxic respirations

Question 321

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces in the lungs

Answer 321

Atelectasis

Question 322

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, eventually leading to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow

Answer 322

Atherosclerosis

Question 323

One of two (right and left) upper chambers of the heart. The right ___ receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle. The left ___ receives blood from pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle

Answer 323

Atrium

Question 324

A sensation experienced before a seizure; serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur

Answer 324

Aura

Question 325

To listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope

Answer 325

Auscultate

Question 326

A device that detects life threatening cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia) and delivers the appropriate electrical shock to the patient

Answer 326

Automated external defibrillator (AED)

Question 327

The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract without stimulation from the nervous system

Answer 327

Automaticity

Question 328

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food

Answer 328

Autonomic nervous system

Question 329

A method of assessing the level of consciousness by determining whether the patient is awake and alert, responsive to verbal stimuli or pain, or unresponsive

Answer 329

AVPU

Question 330

An injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap

Answer 330

Avulsion

Question 331

Injuries in which load is applied along the vertical or longitudinal axis of the spine, which results in load being transmitted along the entire length of the vertebral column; for example, falling from a height and landing on the feet in an upright position

Answer 331

Axial loading injuries

Question 332

The part of the skeleton comprising the skull, spinal column and rib cage

Answer 332

Axial skeleton

Question 333

B-NICE

Answer 333

A memory device to recall the types of weapons of mass destruction: Biological, nuclear, incendiary, chemical and explosive

Question 334

A device with a one way valve and a face mask attached to a ventilation bag; when attached to a reservoir and connected to oxygen, it delivers more than 90% supplemental oxygen

Answer 334

Bag-valve-mask (BVM)

Question 335

A joint that allows internal and external rotation as well as bending

Answer 335

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 336

A branch of medicine concerned with the management of obesity and allied diseases

Answer 336

Bariatrics

Question 337

Injury caused by pressure to enclosed body surfaces, for example. from too much pressure in the lungs

Answer 337

Barotrauma

Question 338

A protective item, such as a pocket mask with a valve that limits exposure to a patients body fluids

Answer 338

Barrier device

Question 339

Noninvasive emergency lifesaving care that is used to treat medical conditions; including airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest

Answer 339

Basic Life support (BLS)

Question 340

usually occur following diffuse impact to the head (such as falls, MVC); generally result from the linear fracture to the base of the skull. a fracture of the base of the skull, typically involving the temporal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, and/or ethmoid bone.

Answer 340

Basilar Skull FractureSigns/Symptoms: Battle's sign, Raccoon eyes, CSF cerebrospinal fluid from nose and ears

Question 341

Unlawfully touching a patient or providing emergency care without consent

Answer 341

Battery

Question 342

Bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that may indicate a skull fracture

Answer 342

Battle sign

Question 343

How a person functions or acts in response to his/her environment

Answer 343

Behavior

Question 344

The point at which a person's reactions to events interfere with activities of daily living; this becomes a psychiatric emergency when it causes a major life interruption, such as attempted suicide

Answer 344

Behavioral crisis

Question 345

A painful condition seen in divers who ascend too quickly, in which gas, especially nitrogen, forms bubbles in the blood vessels and other tissues; also called decompression sickness

Answer 345

Bends

Question 346

A type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiological source; is slightly more penetrating than alpha and requires a layer of clothing to stop it.

Answer 346

Beta

Question 347

Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of the contraction of the heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation

Answer 347

Beta-adrenergic receptors

Question 348

The large muscle that covers the front of the humorous

Answer 348

Bicep

Question 349

A body part or condition that appears on both sides of the midline

Answer 349

Bilateral

Question 350

The ducts that convey bile between the liver and the intestine

Answer 350

Bile ducts

Question 351

Shipping papers used for transport of chemicals over roads and highways; also referred to as freight bolls

Answer 351

Bills of Lading

Question 352

The study of ethics related to issues that arise in health care

Answer 352

Bioethics

Question 353

What do the vagina and cervix form

Answer 353

Birth canal

Question 354

To turn white

Answer 354

Blanche

Question 355

The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them

Answer 355

Blood Pressure

Question 356

Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, Hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 356

Blood borne pathogens

Question 357

A small amount of blood in the vagina that appears at the beginning of labor and may include a plug of pink tinged mucus that is discharged when the cervix begins to dilate

Answer 357

Bloody Show

Question 358

A fracture of the orbit or of the bones that support the floor of the orbit

Answer 358

Blow-out fracture

Question 359

An impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities

Answer 359

Blunt trauma

Question 360

The major vessel in the upper extremities that supplies blood to the arm

Answer 360

Brachial Artery

Question 361

A slow heart rate less than 60 beats/per minute

Answer 361

Bradycardia

Question 362

Slow respiratory rate; in a child is an ominous sign that indicates impending respiratory arrest

Answer 362

Bradypnea

Question 363

The area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that are necessary for life such as respiration

Answer 363

Brain Stem

Question 364

Disclosure of information without proper authorization

Answer 364

Breach of confidentiality

Question 365

An indication of air movement in the lungs, usually assessed with a stethoscope

Answer 365

Breath sounds

Question 366

A delivery in which the buttocks or limb come out first

Answer 366

Breech presentation

Question 367

Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle and dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli

Answer 367

Bronchioles

Question 368

Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occur in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus

Answer 368

Bronchiolitis

Question 369

An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes fever

Answer 369

Bronchitis

Question 370

Injuries in which soft tissue damage occurs as a result of thermal heat, friction heat, toxic chemicals, electricity, or nuclear radiation.

Answer 370

Burns

Question 371

The heel bone

Answer 371

Calcaneus

Question 372

The small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules; various substances pass through the capillary walls, into and out of interstitial fluid, and then on to the cells

Answer 372

Capillaries

Question 373

A test that evaluates distal circulatory system function by squeezing (blanching) blood from an area such as a nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure.

Answer 373

Capillary refill

Question 374

A noninvasive method to quickly and efficiently provide information on a patients ventilatory status, circulation and metabolism; efficiently measures the concentration of carbon dioxide in expired air over time

Answer 374

Capnography

Question 375

A waste product exhaled during respiration by the respiratory system

Answer 375

Carbon Dioxide

Question 376

When the heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow; pulses are not palpable

Answer 376

Cardiac arrest

Question 377

A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute; calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate

Answer 377

Cardiac output

Question 378

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output

Answer 378

Cardiac Tamponade

Question 379

A state to which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. Sometimes caused by damage to the heart by an acute MI

Answer 379

Cardiogenic shock

Question 380

Point of which the trachea bifurcates (divides) into the left and right mainstem bronchi

Answer 380

Carina

Question 381

The major vessel in the neck that supplies blood to the head and brain

Answer 381

Carotid Artery

Question 382

The smooth connective tissue that forms the support structure of the skeletal system and provides cushioning between bones

Answer 382

Cartilage

Question 383

Clouding of the lens of the eye or its surrounding transparent membranes

Answer 383

Cataracts

Question 384

A phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullets path

Answer 384

Cavitation

Question 385

The first part of the large intestine, into which the ileum opens

Answer 385

Cecum

Question 386

Composed of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 386

Central nervous system

Question 387

Pulses that are closest to the core part of the body where the vital organs are located; includes the carotid and femoral

Answer 387

Central pulses

Question 388

One of the three main subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the little brain; coordinates the various activities of the brain particularly fine body movements

Answer 388

Cerebellum

Question 389

Swelling of the brain

Answer 389

Cerebral Edema

Question 390

Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges

Answer 390

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Question 391

A interruption of the blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function; also called a stroke

Answer 391

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Question 392

The largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the gray matter, made up of several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions and personality

Answer 392

Cerebrum

Question 393

The portion of the spinal column containing the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck

Answer 393

Cervical spine

Question 394

The lower third or neck of the uterus it is the narrowest portion of the uterus and opens into the vagina

Answer 394

Cervix

Question 395

They monitor the levels of O2, CO2 and the PH of the Cerebrospinal fluid and then provide feedback to the respiratory centers to modify the rate and depth of breathing based on the body's needs at a given time

Answer 395

Chemoreceptors

Question 396

The reason a patient called for help, also the patient's response to the question "What's wrong?

Answer 396

Chief complaint

Question 397

Inflammation of the gall bladder

Answer 397

Cholecystitis

Question 398

A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction

Answer 398

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 399

The substance that leaves the stomach. It is a combination of all of the eaten foods with added stomach acids

Answer 399

Chyme

Question 400

The complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins that moves blood, oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste throughout the body

Answer 400

Circulatory system

Question 401

Also known as the collar bone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula

Answer 401

Clavicle

Question 402

An injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken, usually caused by blunt trauma

Answer 402

Closed chest injury

Question 403

Questions that can be answered with yes or no answers

Answer 403

Close-ended questions

Question 404

The formation of a clot to plug an opening in an injured blood vessel and stop bleeding

Answer 404

Coagulation

Question 405

The last 3 or 4 vertebrae of the spine; the tail bone

Answer 405

Coccyx

Question 406

A safe area in a haz-mat incident for the agencies involved in the incident; The incident commander, command post EMS providers and other support functions are located in this zone.

Answer 406

Cold Zone (green zone) (clean zone)

Question 407

A surgical procedure to create an opening between the colon and the surface of the bod

Answer 407

Colostomy

Question 408

A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of the persons heartbeat

Answer 408

Commotio Cordis

Question 409

The early stage of shock when the body continues to stabilize during blood loss

Answer 409

Compensated Shock

Question 410

A temporary loss or alteration of part or all of the brains abilities to function without actual physical damage to the brain

Answer 410

Concussion

Question 411

A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs

Answer 411

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 412

The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye

Answer 412

Conjunctiva

Question 413

In the context of EMS, permission to render care

Answer 413

Consent

Question 414

An infectious disease that spreads from one human to another; communicable

Answer 414

Contagious

Question 415

A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress

Answer 415

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

Question 416

Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help, or may actually harm the patient

Answer 416

Contraindication

Question 417

A bruise from an injury that causes bleeding beneath the skin without breaking the skin

Answer 417

Contusion

Question 418

The transparent tissue layer in front of the pupil and iris of the eye

Answer 418

Cornea

Question 419

A brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the opposite side of the original impact

Answer 419

Coup- contrecoup brain injuryCoup injury is on the impact sideContrecoup injury occurs on the opposite side of the impact

Question 420

Rattling breath sounds signaling fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; formerly called rales

Answer 420

Crackles

Question 421

A grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together; also air bubbles under the skin that produce a crackling sound or crinkly feeling

Answer 421

Crepitus

Question 422

An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children

Answer 422

Croup

Question 423

The appearance of the fetus's head at the vaginal opening during labor

Answer 423

Crowning

Question 424

When one person imposes his/her beliefs, values, and practices on another

Answer 424

Cultural imposition

Question 425

A blue-gray skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood

Answer 425

Cyanosis

Question 426

The mnemonic for assessment in which each area of the body is evaluated for an injury

Answer 426

DCAP-BTLS Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/penetrations, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations and Swelling

Question 427

The late stage of shock when the blood pressure is dropping

Answer 427

Decompensated shock

Question 428

Sores caused by the pressure of skin against a surface for long periods; can range from a pink discoloration of the skin to a deep wound that may invade into bone or organs

Answer 428

Decubitus UlcersAKA: Bed Sores

Question 429

The formation of a blood clot within the larger vessels of an extremity, typically following a period of prolonged immobilization

Answer 429

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Question 430

The communication of false information about a person that is damaging to that persons reputation or standing in the community

Answer 430

Defamation

Question 431

A sudden change in mental status that is generally acute and reversible, characterized by disorientation, inability to focus, inattention, inability to think logically, striking changes in personality and affect, hallucinations or decreased level of consciousness

Answer 431

Delirium

Question 432

A severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl alcohol

Answer 432

Delirium Tremens (DT's)Characterized by restlessness, fever, sweating, disorientation, agitation and seizures can be fatal if untreated

Question 433

The slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function

Answer 433

DementiaThis condition is generally chronic and irreversible

Question 434

Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure

Answer 434

Dependent edema

Question 435

Blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin; a definitive sign of death

Answer 435

Dependent Lividity

Question 436

The inner layer of skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels

Answer 436

Dermis

Question 437

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugar) is impaired

Answer 437

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 438

A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

Answer 438

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Question 439

Characterized by light or profuse sweating

Answer 439

Diaphoretic

Question 440

A muscular dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdomen

Answer 440

DiaphragmContraction of this (and the chest wall muscles) brings air into the lungs. Relaxation allows air to be expelled from the lungs

Question 441

The relaxation, or period of relaxation, of the heart, especially in the ventricles

Answer 441

Diastole

Question 442

The pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxation phase of the hearts cycle

Answer 442

Diastolic pressureThis occurs when the ventricles are at rest

Question 443

A process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 443

Diffusion

Question 444

Widening of a tubular or circular structure

Answer 444

DilationFor example the pupil or artery

Question 445

Disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are no longer in contact

Answer 445

Dislocation

Question 446

A condition in which the layers of an artery such as the aorta, become separated, allowing blood (at high pressure) to flow between the layers

Answer 446

Dissecting aneurism

Question 447

Further from the trunk of the body or nearer to the free end of an extremity

Answer 447

Distal

Question 448

An injury that prevents the patient from noticing other injuries he or she may have, even severe injuries

Answer 448

Distracting injury

Question 449

Shock in which there is a marked decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and consequent hypotension.

Answer 449

Distributive ShockExamples are septic shock, neurogenic shock, and anaphylactic shock.

Question 450

The posterior surface of the body including the back of the hand

Answer 450

Dorsal

Question 451

The artery on the anterior surface of the foot between the first and second metatarsals

Answer 451

Dorsalis pedis artery

Question 452

A type of advanced directive executed by a competent adult that appoints another individual to make medical treatment decisions on his/her behalf, in the event that the person making the appointment loses decision making capability

Answer 452

Durable power of attorney healthcare

Question 453

Slurred speech

Answer 453

Dysarthria

Question 454

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

Answer 454

Dyspnea

Question 455

An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm

Answer 455

Dysrhythmia

Question 456

A buildup of blood beneath the skin that produces a characteristic blue or black discoloration as the result of an injury

Answer 456

EcchymosisAlso known as a contusion or bruise

Question 457

Severe Hypertension in a pregnant woman, resulting in seizures (convulsions)

Answer 457

Eclampsia

Question 458

A pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube

Answer 458

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 459

The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluids between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area

Answer 459

Edema

Question 460

A person who is under the legal age in a given state but, because of other circumstances, is legally considered an adult

Answer 460

Emancipated minor

Question 461

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage

Answer 461

Embolus

Question 462

The early stage of development after the fertilization of the egg

Answer 462

Embryo

Question 463

Vomit

Answer 463

Emesis

Question 464

A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 464

EmphysemaIt is one form of COPD

Question 465

Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body

Answer 465

Endocrine glands

Question 466

The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones; also regulates metabolism and maintains homeostasis

Answer 466

Endocrine system

Question 467

The lining of the inside of the uterus

Answer 467

Endometrium

Question 468

The amount of carbon dioxide present at the end of an exhaled breath

Answer 468

End-tidal CO2

Question 469

Medications that enter the body through the digestive system

Answer 469

Enteral

Question 470

The outer layer of the skin, which is made up of cells that are sealed together to form a protective watertight covering of the body

Answer 470

Epidermis

Question 471

An accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater

Answer 471

Epidural hematoma

Question 472

A thin leaf shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid from entering

Answer 472

Epiglottis

Question 473

A disease of the upper airway which causes airway obstruction. S/S include fever, neck pain, stridor and drooling

Answer 473

Epiglottitis

Question 474

A disorder in which abnormal electrical discharges occur in the brain, causing seizure and possible loss of consciousness

Answer 474

Epilepsy

Question 475

a hormone produced by the body that has a vital role in the function of the sympathetic nervous systemIt stimulates alpha, beta 1 and beta 2 and used in cardiac arrest

Answer 475

Epinephrine (adrenaline)Alpha- constrict blood vesselsBeta 1- increase heart rateBeta 2- Increase the diameter of the bronchioles of the lungs

Question 476

A nosebleed

Answer 476

Epistaxis

Question 477

A collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 477

Esophagus

Question 478

The philosophy of right and wrong, of moral duties, and of a professional behavior

Answer 478

Ethics

Question 479

The displacement of organs outside the body

Answer 479

Evisceration

Question 480

A type of consent in which the patient gives authorization for provision of care or transport

Answer 480

Expressed Consent

Question 481

The tubes that extend from the uterus to the region of the ovary and through which the ovum passes from the ovary to the uterus

Answer 481

fallopian tubes

Question 482

The confinement of a person without legal authority or the persons consent

Answer 482

False imprisonment

Question 483

Seizures that result from sudden high fevers

Answer 483

Febrile seizures-Occurs in children aged 6 months to 5 years

Question 484

The federal agency that has jurisdiction over interstate and international telephone and telegraph and satellite communications

Answer 484

Federal Communication commission (FCC)

Question 485

The major artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery

Answer 485

Femoral Artery

Question 486

The longest and strongest bone of the body proximal to the knee

Answer 486

Femur

Question 487

The smaller bone distal and lateral to the knee

Answer 487

Fibula

Question 488

A condition in which 3 or more ribs are fractured in two or more places or in association with a fracture of the sternum so that a segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the thoracic cage

Answer 488

Flail Chest

Question 489

The region below the rib cage and above the hip

Answer 489

Flank

Question 490

A one way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return; formed by taping three sides of the occlusive dressing to the chest wall leaving the fourth side open as a valve

Answer 490

Flutter valve

Question 491

Area where the neonate's or infants skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age

Answer 491

Fontanells

Question 492

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord

Answer 492

Foramen magnum

Question 493

An inclined position in which the head of the bed is raised

Answer 493

Fowler position

Question 494

A break in the continuity of the bone

Answer 494

Fracture

Question 495

Burns that affect all skin layers and may affect the subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone, and internal organs, leaving the area dry, leathery, white, dark brown or charred

Answer 495

Full thickness burns (3rd degree)

Question 496

The dome shaped top of the uterus

Answer 496

Fundus

Question 497

A sac that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the common bile duct

Answer 497

Gallbladder

Question 498

A type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiological source. These rays penetrate through the human body and require lead or several inches of concrete to prevent penetration

Answer 498

Gamma (X-Ray)

Question 499

The overall initial impression that determines the priority for patient care.

Answer 499

General Impression

Question 500

A seizure that features rhythmic back and forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness, or extreme twitching of all the body muscles formerly known as a grand mal seizure

Answer 500

generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure

Question 501

The assessment and treatment of disease in someone who is 65 years or older

Answer 501

Geriatrics

Question 502

The deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed

Answer 502

Germinal layer

Question 503

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who do not have diabetes before pregnancy

Answer 503

Gestational diabetes

Question 504

An evaluation tool used to determine level of consciousness, which evaluates and assigns point scores for eye opening, verbal response, and motor response, which are then totaled; effective in helping predict patient outcomes

Answer 504

Glasgow Coma scale (GCS)

Question 505

Another name for the eyeball

Answer 505

Globe

Question 506

The space between the vocal cords that is the narrowest portion of the adults airway.

Answer 506

Glottis

Question 507

Statutory provisions enacted by many states to protect citizens from liability for errors and omissions in giving good faith emergency medical care, unless there is wanton, gross or willful negligence

Answer 507

Good Samaritan Laws

Question 508

A bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint

Answer 508

Greater Trochanter

Question 509

Conduct that constitutes a willful or reckless disregard for a duty or standard of care

Answer 509

Gross Negligence

Question 510

An "UH" sound heard during exhalation; reflects the child's attempt to keep the alveoli open; a sign of increased work of breathing

Answer 510

Grunting

Question 511

Involuntary muscle contractions (spasm) of the abdominal wall to minimize the pain of movement and protect the inflamed abdomen.

Answer 511

Guarding

Question 512

A combination of two movements to open the airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting the chin; not used for trauma patients

Answer 512

Head tilt-chin lift maneuver

Question 513

A written document that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient, should he/she become unable to make decisions.

Answer 513

Health care directiveAlso known as an advance directive or living will

Question 514

Federal legislation passed in 1996. Its main effect in EMS is in limiting availability of the patient's health care information and penalizing violations of patients privacy

Answer 514

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability ACT (HIPAA)

Question 515

Painful muscle spasms usually associated with vigorous activity in a hot environment

Answer 515

Heat Cramps

Question 516

A heat emergency in which a significant amount of fluid and electrolyte loss occurs because of heavy sweating

Answer 516

Heat Exhaustion

Question 517

A life threatening condition of severe hyperthermia caused by exposure to excessive natural or artificial heat; marked by warm, dry skin; severely altered mental status

Answer 517

Heat Stroke

Question 518

Vomited blood

Answer 518

Hematemesis

Question 519

A mass of blood that has collected within damaged tissue beneath the skin or in a body cavity

Answer 519

Hematoma

Question 520

Blood in the urine

Answer 520

Hematuria

Question 521

Weakness on one side of the body

Answer 521

Hemiparesis

Question 522

A hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood's normal clotting factors, which results in uncontrollable bleeding

Answer 522

Hemophilia

Question 523

The accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest

Answer 523

Hemopneumothorax

Question 524

The coughing up of blood

Answer 524

Hemoptysis

Question 525

Bleeding

Answer 525

Hemorrhage

Question 526

A type of stroke that occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain

Answer 526

Hemorrhagic stroke

Question 527

A collection of blood in the pleural cavity

Answer 527

Hemothorax

Question 528

inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function

Answer 528

Hepatitis

Question 529

The protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening

Answer 529

Hernia

Question 530

Chemical substances released by the immune system in allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as vasodilation

Answer 530

Histamines

Question 531

Structures through which materials pass, such as stomach, small intestine, large intestine, ureters, and urinary bladder

Answer 531

Hollow Organs

Question 532

A balance of all the systems of the body

Answer 532

Homeostasis

Question 533

A chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues; regulates many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and body temperature

Answer 533

Hormone

Question 534

The area immediately surrounding a hazardous material spill or incident site that endangers life and health. All responders working in this zone must wear appropriate protective clothing and equipment.

Answer 534

Hot Zone

Question 535

The supporting bone of the upper arm

Answer 535

Humerous

Question 536

A family of insects that include bees, ants, and yellow jackets.

Answer 536

Hymenoptera

Question 537

Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream

Answer 537

Hypercarbia

Question 538

An abnormally high blood glucose

Answer 538

Hyperglycemia

Question 539

A life threatening condition resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older adults, and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage

Answer 539

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

Question 540

Blood pressure that is higher than the normal range

Answer 540

Hypertension

Question 541

A condition in which the body core temperature rises to 101 degrees Fahrenheit or more

Answer 541

Hyperthermia

Question 542

Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the carbon dioxide level below normal; may lead to increased intrathoracic pressure, decreased venous return.

Answer 542

Hyperventilation

Question 543

An abnormally low blood glucose level

Answer 543

Hypoglycemia

Question 544

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called shock

Answer 544

Hypoperfusion

Question 545

Blood pressure that is lower than the normal range

Answer 545

Hypotension

Question 546

A condition in which the internal or core temperature falls below 95 degrees Fahrenheit

Answer 546

Hypothermia

Question 547

A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion

Answer 547

Hypovolemic shock

Question 548

A dangerous condition in which the body's tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen

Answer 548

Hypoxia

Question 549

Type of consent in which a patient who is unable to give consent is given treatment under the legal assumption that he/she would want treatment

Answer 549

Implied Consent

Question 550

Refers to the legal responsibility of a person or organization to take on some of the functions and responsibilities of a parent

Answer 550

In loco parentis

Question 551

Loss of bowel and/or bladder control; may be a result of a generalized seizure

Answer 551

Incontinence

Question 552

Awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries may exist when determining the mechanism of injury

Answer 552

Index of suspicion

Question 553

The therapeutic uses for a specific medication

Answer 553

Indications

Question 554

Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object

Answer 554

Indirect contact

Question 555

A young child age 1 month to 1 year

Answer 555

Infant

Question 556

Death of a body tissue, usually caused by the interruption of its blood supply

Answer 556

Infarction

Question 557

Below a body part or nearer to the feet

Answer 557

Inferior

Question 558

One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic and the abdominal organs to the heart

Answer 558

Inferior vena cava

Question 559

Permission for treatment given by a competent patient after the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment have been explained

Answer 559

Informed consent

Question 560

A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells

Answer 560

Insulin

Question 561

The space in between the cells

Answer 561

Interstitial space

Question 562

The pressure within the cranial vault

Answer 562

Intracranial pressure

Question 563

An injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route

Answer 563

Intramuscular (IM) injection

Question 564

A delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the naris

Answer 564

Intranasal (IN)

Question 565

An injection into the bone; a medication delivery route

Answer 565

Intraosseous (IO) injection

Question 566

An injection directly into a vein; a medication delivery route

Answer 566

Intravenous (IV) injection

Question 567

The muscle over which a person has no conscious control. It is found in many automatic systems of the body

Answer 567

Involuntary muscle

Question 568

The muscle and surrounding tissue behind the cornea that dilate and constrict the pupil, regulating the amount of light that enters the eye; pigment in this tissue gives the eye its color

Answer 568

Iris

Question 569

A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not occurred

Answer 569

Ischemia

Question 570

Yellow skin or sclera that is caused by liver disease or dysfunction

Answer 570

Jaundice

Question 571

Technique to open the airway by placing the fingers behind the angle of the jaw and bringing the jaw forward

Answer 571

Jaw-thrust maneuverUsed for patients who may have a cervical spine injury

Question 572

A visual bulging of the jugular veins in the neck caused by fluid overload, pressure in the chest, cardiac tamponade, or tension pneumothorax

Answer 572

Jugular vein distention

Question 573

A sorting system for pediatric patients younger than 8 years or weighing less than 100 pounds

Answer 573

Jumpstart triageThere is a minor adaptation for infants because they cannot ambulate on their own

Question 574

To walk or move about freely

Answer 574

Ambulate

Question 575

Two retroperitoneal organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate the body's salt and water content

Answer 575

Kidneys

Question 576

The energy of a moving object

Answer 576

kinetic energy

Question 577

Deep rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body

Answer 577

Kussmaul respirations

Question 578

A forward curling of the back caused by an abnormal increase in the curvature of the spine

Answer 578

Kyphosis

Question 579

Breathing that requires greater than normal effort; may be slower or faster than normal and characterized by grunting, stridor, and the use of accessory muscles

Answer 579

Labored breathing

Question 580

A deep jagged cut in the skin

Answer 580

Laceration

Question 581

The glands that produce fluids to keep the eye moist; also called tear glands

Answer 581

Lacrimal glands

Question 582

A metabolic byproduct of the breakdown of glucose that accumulates when metabolism proceeds in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic metabolism)

Answer 582

Lactic acid

Question 583

The portion of the digestive tube that encircles the abdomen consisting of the cecum, the colon, and the rectum.

Answer 583

Large intestineIt also regulates water balance and eliminates solid waste

Question 584

A complex structure where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins; also called the voice box

Answer 584

Larynx

Question 585

Parts of the body that lie farther from the midline

Answer 585

Lateral

Question 586

The standard measure of the dose amount of an agent or substance that will kill 50% of the population who are exposed to this level

Answer 586

LD50

Question 587

A length based tape to estimate an infant or child's weight on the basis of length; appropriate drug doses and equipment sizes are listed on the tape

Answer 587

Length based resuscitation tapeAlso called Broslow tape

Question 588

The transparent part of the eye through which images are focused on the retina

Answer 588

Lens

Question 589

In the incident command, the person who relays information, concerns, and requests among responding agencies

Answer 589

Liaison officer

Question 590

False or damaging information about a person that is communicated in writing

Answer 590

Libel

Question 591

A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones to bones. It supports and strengthens a joint

Answer 591

Ligament

Question 592

A delivery in which the presenting part is a single arm or leg

Answer 592

Limb presentation

Question 593

A large, solid organ that lies in the right upper quadrant immediately below the diaphragm; it produces bile, stores glucose for immediate use by the body

Answer 593

Liver

Question 594

In incident command, the position that helps procure and stockpile equipment and supplies during the incident

Answer 594

Logistics

Question 595

The lower part of the back, formed by the lowest five nonfused vertebrae

Answer 595

Lumbar spine

Question 596

A thin, straw colored fluid that carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the cells and carries waste products of metabolism away from the cells and back into the capillaries so that they may be excreted

Answer 596

Lymph

Question 597

A passive circulatory system in the body that transports a plasma like liquid called lymph

Answer 597

Lymphatic system

Question 598

The bone of the lower jaw

Answer 598

Mandible

Question 599

The upper quarter of the sternum

Answer 599

Manubrium

Question 600

An emergency situation involving three or more patients or that can place great demand on the equipment or personnel of the EMS system or has the potential to produce multiple casualties

Answer 600

Mass casualty incident

Question 601

The prominent bony mass at the base of the skull about 1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear

Answer 601

Mastoid process

Question 602

The upper jawbones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate and hold the upper teeth

Answer 602

Maxillae

Question 603

The forces, or energy transmission, applied to the body that cause injury

Answer 603

Mechanism of injury (MOI)

Question 604

Fetal stool. When appearing as a dark green material in the amniotic fluid, it can indicate distress or disease in the newborn

Answer 604

Meconium

Question 605

Parts of the body closer to the midline

Answer 605

Medial

Question 606

Space within the chest that contains the heart, major blood vessels, vagus nerve, trachea, major bronchi, and esophagus; located between the two lungs

Answer 606

Mediastinum

Question 607

the most caudal subdivision of the brainstem, immediately continuous with the spinal cord,

Answer 607

Medulla OblongataCoordinates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing

Question 608

Black, foul smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood

Answer 608

Melena

Question 609

Three distinctive layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord within the skull and spinal canal

Answer 609

Meninges

Question 610

An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; it is usually cause by a virus or bacterium

Answer 610

Meningitis

Question 611

The biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within cells

Answer 611

Metabolism

Question 612

Excessively constricted pupil; often bilateral

Answer 612

Miosis

Question 613

The spontaneous passage of the fetus and placenta before 20 weeks; also called spontaneous abortion

Answer 613

Miscarriage

Question 614

An infant reflex in which, when an infant is caught off guard, the infant opens his or her arms wide, spread the fingers, and seems to grab at things

Answer 614

Moro reflex

Question 615

A device that is used to change a liquid into a spray and push it into a nostril

Answer 615

Mucosal atomizer device (MAD)

Question 616

The linings of body cavities and passages that are in direct or indirect contact with the outside environment

Answer 616

Mucous Membranes

Question 617

A woman who has had previous pregnancies

Answer 617

Multigravida

Question 618

A substance that mutates, damages, and changes the structures of the DNA in the body's cells

Answer 618

Mutagen

Question 619

Bruising of the heart muscle

Answer 619

Myocardial contusion

Question 620

The heart muscle

Answer 620

Myocardium

Question 621

A drug that produces sleep or altered level of consciousness

Answer 621

Narcotic

Question 622

The external openings of the nostrils

Answer 622

NaresA single nostril opening is called a naris

Question 623

An oxygen delivery device in which oxygen flows through two small tube-like prongs that fit into a patients nostrils

Answer 623

Nasal CannulaDelivers 24% to 44% supplemental oxygen

Question 624

Widening of the nostrils, indicating that there is an airway obstruction

Answer 624

Nasal Flaring

Question 625

An airway adjunct inserted into the nostril of an unresponsive patient or a patient with an altered level of consciousness who is unable to maintain airway patency independently

Answer 625

Nasopharyngeal (nasal) airway

Question 626

The nasal cavity, or part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth

Answer 626

Nasopharynx

Question 627

Refusal or failure on the part of the parent or caregiver to provide life necessities

Answer 627

Neglect

Question 628

Failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide

Answer 628

Negligence

Question 629

A newborn age birth to 1 month

Answer 629

Neonate

Question 630

The basic filtering units in the kidneys

Answer 630

Nephrons

Question 631

Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation

Answer 631

Neurogenic shock

Question 632

A group of conditions in which the nerves leaving the spinal cord are damaged, resulting in distortion of signal to or from the brain

Answer 632

Neuropathy

Question 633

A medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing blood vessels to dilate

Answer 633

Nitroglycerin

Question 634

A combination mask and reservoir bag system that is the preferred way to give oxygen in the prehospital setting

Answer 634

Nonrebreathing maskDelivers up to 90% inspired oxygen and prevents inhaling the exhaled gases

Question 635

A neurotransmitter and drug sometimes used in the treatment of shock

Answer 635

NorepinephrineProduces vasoconstriction through its alpha simulator properties

Question 636

An umbilical cord that is wrapped around a fetus's neck

Answer 636

Nuchal cord

Question 637

A complex condition in which a person has an excessive amount of body fat

Answer 637

Obesity

Question 638

The most posterior portion of the cranium

Answer 638

Occiput

Question 639

A blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel

Answer 639

Occlusion

Question 640

An airtight dressing that protects a wound from air and bacteria; a commercial vented version allows air to escape from the chest, while an unvented dressing made of petroleum dressing gauze, aluminum foil or plastic

Answer 640

Occlusive dressing

Question 641

The federal regulatory compliance agency that develops, publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace

Answer 641

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Question 642

The pressure of water to move, typically into the capillary, as the result of the presence of plasma proteins

Answer 642

Oncotic pressure

Question 643

Any break in the bone in which the underlying skin has been broken

Answer 643

Open Fracture

Question 644

A mnemonic used in evaluating a patient's pain: Onset, Provocation, Quality, Region/radiation, Severity and Timing

Answer 644

OPQRST

Question 645

The eye socket, made up of the maxilla and zygoma

Answer 645

Orbit

Question 646

Airway adjunct inserted into the mouth of an unresponsive patient to keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway and to facilitate suctioning the airway, if necessary

Answer 646

Oropharygeal Airway (OPA) also known as an oral airway

Question 647

A tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea

Answer 647

Oropharynx

Question 648

Severe dyspnea experienced by lying down and relieved by sitting up

Answer 648

Orthopnea

Question 649

A generalized bone disease, commonly associated with post menopausal women, in which there is a reduction in the amount of bone mass leading to fractures after minimal trauma in either sex

Answer 649

Osteoporosis

Question 650

The primary female productive organs that produce sex hormones and an ovum, or egg, that if fertilized, will develop into a fetus

Answer 650

Ovaries

Question 651

A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain especially, cannot function without it

Answer 651

Oxygen

Question 652

The forward facing part of the hand in the anatomic position

Answer 652

Palmar

Question 653

To examine or touch

Answer 653

Palpate

Question 654

A flat solid organ that lies below the liver and the stomach; its a major source of the digestive enzymes and produces the hormone insulin

Answer 654

Pancreas

Question 655

An outbreak that occurs on a global scale

Answer 655

Outbreak

Question 656

The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion-in during inhalation, out during exhalation- is exactly opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing

Answer 656

Paradoxical motion

Question 657

An individual who has extensive training in advanced life support, including endotracheal intubation, emergency pharmacology, cardiac monitoring, and other advanced assessment and treatment skills

Answer 657

Paramedic

Question 658

A subdivision of the autonomic nervous system, involved in control of involuntary functions such as digestion of food and relaxation, mediated largely by the vagus nerve through the chemical acetylcholine

Answer 658

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 659

Severe shortness of breath, especially at night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breath

Answer 659

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 660

A seizure affecting a limited portion of the brain

Answer 660

Partial (focal) seizure

Question 661

Burns that affect the epidermis and some portion of the dermis but not the subcutaneous tissue, characterized by blisters and skin that is white to red, moist and mottled

Answer 661

Partial-thickness (second degree) burns

Question 662

The knee cap; a specialized bone that lies within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle

Answer 662

Patella

Question 663

Open, and clear of obstruction

Answer 663

Patent

Question 664

A microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host

Answer 664

Pathogen

Question 665

When an EMT assists the patient with the administration of his or her medications

Answer 665

Patient-assisted medication

Question 666

A structured assessment tool used to form a general impression of the infant or child without touching him or her; consists of assessing appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to the skin

Answer 666

Pediatric assessment triangle (PAT)

Question 667

A device to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain

Answer 667

Pelvic binder

Question 668

An infection of the fallopian tubes and the surrounding tissues of the pelvis

Answer 668

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 669

Through the mouth; a medication delivery route; same as oral

Answer 669

Per os (PO)

Question 670

Through the rectum; a medication delivery route

Answer 670

Per rectum (PR)

Question 671

The circulation of oxygenated blood through body tissues and vessels; the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet current needs of the cells

Answer 671

Perfusion

Question 672

The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart

Answer 672

Pericardium

Question 673

In a female the area between the vagina and the anus

Answer 673

Perineum

Question 674

The wavelike contraction of smooth muscle by which the ureters or other tubular organs propel their contents

Answer 674

Peristalsis

Question 675

The abdominal cavity

Answer 675

Peritoneal cavity

Question 676

The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal; organs

Answer 676

Peritoneum

Question 677

Negative findings that warrant no care or intervention

Answer 677

Pertinent negatives

Question 678

An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger that 6 years, in which the patient is feverish and exhibits a "whoop" sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection

Answer 678

Pertussis (whooping cough)

Question 679

Nerve that innervates the diaphragm; necessary for adequate breathing to occur

Answer 679

Phrenic nerve

Question 680

The tissue attached to the uterine wall that nourishes the fetus through the umbilical cord.

Answer 680

Placenta

Question 681

A condition in which the placenta develops over and covers the cervix

Answer 681

Placenta Previa

Question 682

The bottom surface of the foot

Answer 682

Plantar

Question 683

The Midline of the body is created by drawing an imaginary line, where?

Answer 683

draw an imaginary line down the center of the body slicing the imaginary body at the midline dividing the body into right and left halves

Question 684

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 684

A person standing, facing forward, with palms forward 

Question 685

This is towards the midline of the body

Answer 685

Medial

Question 686

To the side, away from the body

Answer 686

Lateral

Question 687

pertaining to both sides

Answer 687

Bilateral

Question 688

A line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle

Answer 688

Mid-axillary

Question 689

To the front of the body or body part

Answer 689

Anterior

Question 690

The back of the body or body part

Answer 690

Posterior

Question 691

referring to the front of the body a synonym for anterior

Answer 691

Ventral

Question 692

referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot, a synonym for posterior

Answer 692

Dorsal