all on Europe Flashcards
What was the primary ideological conflict during the Cold War?
The primary ideological conflict was between capitalism, represented by the United States and its allies, and communism, represented by the Soviet Union and its allies.
True or False: The Cold War was characterized by direct military confrontation between the USA and the USSR.
False
What event marked the beginning of the Cold War?
The Cold War is often considered to have begun after World War II, particularly with the Iron Curtain speech by Winston Churchill in 1946.
Fill in the blank: The _____ Plan was a U.S. program aimed at the economic recovery of Europe after World War II.
Marshall
What was the purpose of NATO, formed in 1949?
NATO was formed as a military alliance to provide collective security against the Soviet Union.
Which two countries were involved in the Berlin Blockade of 1948-1949?
The Soviet Union and the United States (along with its allies).
What was the significance of the Berlin Wall, built in 1961?
The Berlin Wall symbolized the division of East and West Germany and the broader divide between the communist and capitalist worlds.
What was the Warsaw Pact?
The Warsaw Pact was a military alliance of communist nations in Eastern Europe, formed in response to NATO in 1955.
True or False: The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1962 and brought the world close to nuclear war.
True
What was the policy of containment?
Containment was a U.S. strategy aimed at preventing the spread of communism beyond its existing borders.
Which country was divided into East and West during the Cold War?
Germany
What was the purpose of the Berlin Airlift?
The Berlin Airlift was a response to the Berlin Blockade, supplying West Berlin with food and fuel via air transport.
Name one major conflict that was part of the Cold War.
The Korean War (1950-1953).
What was the significance of the Helsinki Accords in 1975?
The Helsinki Accords were agreements aimed at improving relations between the Communist bloc and the West, emphasizing human rights.
What was the ‘Iron Curtain’?
The Iron Curtain was a term used to describe the division between Western nations and those under Soviet influence in Eastern Europe.
True or False: The Cold War ended with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
True
What was the main goal of the Soviet Union’s military interventions in Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia (1968)?
To suppress anti-communist uprisings and maintain control over Eastern Europe.
What does the term ‘Détente’ refer to?
Détente refers to the relaxation of tensions and improved relations between the superpowers during the 1970s.
What was the Suez Crisis of 1956?
The Suez Crisis was a diplomatic and military confrontation involving Egypt, Israel, France, and the UK over control of the Suez Canal.
Fill in the blank: The _____ Doctrine was a policy of providing military and economic assistance to countries resisting communism.
Truman
What was the Prague Spring?
The Prague Spring was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia in 1968, which was ultimately crushed by Soviet intervention.
Which event in 1989 is often viewed as a symbol of the end of the Cold War?
The fall of the Berlin Wall.
What was the significance of the 1980 Solidarity movement in Poland?
It was a major labor and political movement that challenged communist rule in Poland, leading to significant reforms.
Who was the Soviet leader who initiated policies of glasnost and perestroika?
Mikhail Gorbachev.
What was the main purpose of the Marshall Plan?
To aid in the economic recovery of European nations after World War II to prevent the spread of communism.
True or False: The Cold War was primarily a military conflict.
False
What did the term ‘proxy war’ mean in the context of the Cold War?
A proxy war refers to conflicts where two opposing countries support combatants that serve their interests instead of waging war directly.
What was the significance of the NATO summit in 1989?
It was a meeting that reflected the changing dynamics of the Cold War as Eastern European countries began to break free from Soviet control.
What role did espionage play during the Cold War?
Espionage was crucial for both sides to gather intelligence on each other’s military capabilities and intentions.
Fill in the blank: The _____ Crisis was a 1983 confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that involved the deployment of nuclear missiles in Europe.
Euromissile
What was the significance of the Geneva Summit in 1985?
It marked a thaw in U.S.-Soviet relations and led to discussions about nuclear arms reduction.
What was the ‘domino theory’?
The domino theory was the belief that if one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would also fall, like a row of falling dominoes.
