All of it Flashcards
Who’s Benjamin Franklin? (1)
He signed the Declaration of Independence and only made minor changes to it. He was also part of the continental congress.
George Washington - his view on slavery and end of service
At first, he refused to accept slaves to fight in the American Army, but once Britain allowed them to, he did too.
Who is Thomas Paine(1)
An author who published common sense, and The crisis.
What is common sense(1)
a pamphlet written by Paine that ridiculed king george, and stated that everyone should be treated freely.
Pennsylvania - as it pertains to slavery
It made a law in 1780 providing the gradual end to slavery, but slaveholders were able to keep the slaves they already had.
what is the preamble? [1 & 2]
A
introduction
Women’s role while men were away fighting in the war:
They took over their husbands’ roles in work, and some even joined them in battle.
Who is Richard Henry Lee(1)
-He introduced a resolution to congress after common sense, it was to support independence.
Jehu Grant:
After fleeing his master ( he was black-skinned) Jenu served in the American army for nine months.
what is a resolution?(1)
formal statement of opinion
Who is John Adams [1 & 2]
signed the declaration of independence, made changes to it, and learned that it was hard to win everyone’s independence over.
George Rogers Clark
He was sent to defend attacks on the frontier and strike British forts behind the Appalachian Mountains in 1778. His forces easily captured two Mississippi River outposts, Kaskaskia and Cahokia.
. After suffering to get there, they caught the British by surprise and got another victory.
Bernardo de Galvez
The Louisiana governor who secretly provided money and munitions to the Americans.
Declaration of Independence [1 & 2]
Declaration of Independence -
A writing that uses step by step logic to explain why the colonists wanted to break away from British rule. It had 4 parts.
Preamble
Introduction
Natural Rights
General ideas about society and government
List of Grievances
Complaints about King George III of England
Dissolving the Bonds
Wraps up how the colonies should be free and independent from Britain
smallpox and where it occurred:
An eradicated virus that used to be contagious, disfiguring, and often deadly. It first spread around with Americans in Quebec in 1775, and then spread down the East coast. By 1779 it had reached New Orleans. After that, It spread toward the Native Americans eradicating them one by one. By 1782 more than 130,000 whites and Native Americans had died.
Who is Thomas Jefferson
He wrote the declaration of independence, he was a 33-year-old, who was shy, but had a graceful writing style.
John Paul Jones
Led the Americans in the most famous naval battle and with a larger British warship.
what is a grievance? [1 & 2]
a formal complaint
Charles Cornwallis
The British commander that carried the war into north Carolina and made it seem as if they were unstoppable.
Francis Marion
One of the Guerillas who made quick, efficient attacks and was known as the Swamp Fox.
Natural rights [1 & 2]
Three main sections after the preamble. The first section states some general ideas about society and government. It also states that all men are created equal and that everyone is endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights. He also concludes that if governments do not help people’s need they deserve to be abolished.
Daniel Morgan
He took one of nathanael greene’s group, and in 1781 won a clear victory in the battle of the cowpens. Led 800 people West and made a plan that was successful. This plan had people firing three shots then running back, when the British chased them they were met by attacking cavalry.
Benedict Arnold
He was a traitor who left the Patriots and joined the British. He did this because he thought that Congress undervalued him after he bravely fought for the Patriots.
Declaration [1 & 2]
Said that the colonies were breaking free from Britain, concluded the Declaration of Independence.
Treaty of Paris
A treaty declaring peace between the Americans and britain.
How long did the war last after the “shot heard round the world”?
Exactly 8 years
traitor
someone who betrays their country and helps the other side.
William Howe [1 & 2]
A British commander who led the attack on Staten Island
Yorktown
This was where the Patriots blocked Cornwallis’s main army off and forced him to surrender.
Battle of Long Island [1 & 2]
The British drove Washington’s troop, led to a chain of American retreats
Guerillas
Fighters who work in small bands to make hit and run attacks.
Nathanael Greene
American General -split his army in two -1,200 men into eastern South Carolina and 800 men into the west.
what happened July 4, 1776 [1 & 2]
The day that congress approved the declaration of independence.
Privateers
Armed civilian ships that had their government permission to attack enemy ships and keep their goods.
Benjamin Franklin and John Adams (in peace relations)
They were delegates to go to Peace Talks in Paris.
Resources
Supply of something to meet a particular need
Nathan Hale [1 & 2]
He was a Connecticut officer that volunteered to be on dangerous spy duty, he got caught, and said that he only regretted that he only had one life to spend on his country
Continentals
Paper money
France and their quest for revolution - and Lafayette’s role
The French rebelled and caused the French revolution. The leaders included Lafayette and they looked to the American example
Who wrote the crisis and why? [1 & 2]
Thomas Paine. To raise morale/ask the Americans to support the army
Confined
:Keep within certain limits.
Enlisted
Signed up for duty
Hessian soldiers [1 & 2]
Mercenaries fighting for Britain from Hesse, a small German state
Battle of trenton [1 & 2]
a battle led by george washington with 2400 men on december 26.
Mercenaries [1&2]
Soldiers who are paid to fight for a country other than their own
John Burgoyne [1 & 2]
Made a plan for British forces to drive toward Albany, New York from 3 directions, but the timings were messed up, and he failed.
Valley Forge (1 & 2)
Where the Continental Army suffered a long, hard, winter and didn’t have much. When people heard about these conditions, they sent items to help.
Friedrich von Steuben
-He had served in the Prussian Army, the best army in Europe, and trained the Continental Army
General Horatio Gates [1 & 2]
Rushed to block the British, surrounded the British and made Burgoyne surrender
Casimir Pulaski{1&2}
He trained cavalry, which are units of troop on horseback
Thaddeus Kosciusko (1 & 2)
An engineer who took charge of building fortifications at West Point.
Marquis de Lafayette {1&2}
A French noble who became a high-ranking officer in Washington’s army.
French Alliance (1 & 2)
French agreed to help the Americans beat the British. An alliance is a formal agreement between two powers to work together toward a common goal
Battle of Saratoga
This American victory ended the British threat to New England and destroyed British hopes of an easy victory, it also raised Patriot’s spirits
How long did the war last after the “shot heard round the world”?
8 years
civilians
people not in the military
