All Mechanisms Flashcards
1
Q
Alkene to Haloalkane
A
- HX (hydrogen halide)
- electrophilic addition
2
Q
Alkene to alcohol
A
- steam + H2SO4/ H3PO4
- 300ºc + 60atm
- hydration
3
Q
Alkene to alkane
A
- H2 + Ni catalyst
- 150ºC
- electrophilic addition/ hydrogenation
4
Q
Alcohol to alkene
A
- CONC. H3PO4 or H2SO4
- HEAT
- elimination/ dehydration
5
Q
Alcohol to haloalkane
A
- NaX + H2SO4
- HEAT under reflux
- nucleophilic substitution
6
Q
Haloalkane to alcohol
A
- NaOH(aq)
- HEAT under reflux
- nucleophilic substitution
7
Q
Alkane to haloalkane
A
- X2
- UV light
- free radical substitution
8
Q
Primary Alcohol to aldehyde
A
- acidified potassium dichromate
- distillation
- oxidation
9
Q
Secondary alcohol to ketone
A
- acididied potassium dichromate
- HEAT under reflux
- oxidation
10
Q
Primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid
A
- acidified potassium dichromate
- HEAT under reflux
- oxidation
11
Q
Aldehyde to primary alcohol
A
- NaBH4/ H2O
- reduction
12
Q
Ketone to secondary alcohol
A
- NaBH4/ H2O
- reduction
13
Q
Haloalkane to nitrile
A
- ethanolic KCN
- HEAT under reflux
- nucleophilic substitution
14
Q
Haloalkane to amine
A
- excess ethanolic ammonia
- HEAT
- nucleophilic substitution
15
Q
Nitrile to carboxylic acid
A
- H2O/ HCL
- HEAT
- hydrolysis