all i got wrong on mt1 Flashcards
What type of cells were thought to have formed an endosymbiotic relationship to form the mitochondria?
Bacteria
Do mitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomes, and how does this support the endosymbiotic theory?
YES. The presence of DNA and ribosomes in mitochondria suggests they were once free-living prokaryotic cells, capable of making their own proteins.
In what way are the chromosomes of Bacteria and Archaea similar, and how do they differ from those of Eukaryotes?
they both do not have a nucleus but eukaryotes do have a nucleus. Archea are thought to be closer related to Eukaryotes
Why is the kingdom Monera considered not monophyletic, and what does this imply about its evolutionary grouping?
-It doesnt include all the descendants of the common ancestor
Bacteria and Archaea, though both prokaryotes, are evolutionarily distinct lineages.
Archaea are more closely related to Eukaryotes than they are to Bacteria.
What makes the kingdom Protista paraphyletic, and how should it be reclassified?
-It doesnt include all of the descendants of the common ancestor
organisms like choanoflagellates and green algae are more closely related to other groups like animals or plants.
How can some protists be more closely related to animals than to other protists, and what does this say about their classification?
Protists are not a single, monophyletic group, meaning they don’t all share a single common ancestor. Instead, they are a collection of mostly unicellular eukaryotes that can vary greatly in their traits and evolutionary history.
Why do both liverworts and club mosses require water for reproduction, and what does this suggest about their life cycle?
water for sperm movement
What distinguishes land plants from green algae in terms of embryo protection and nourishment?
Land plants are protected and nourished while green algae is mildly protected and not nourished.
Which adaptations specifically help land plants prevent water loss, and is the apical meristem one of them?
no
What are the distinguishing reproductive features of Ascomycota, especially in terms of their hyphae and spore production?
What major developmental trait separates echinoderms and chordates from arthropods, annelids, mollusks, and nematodes?
Why are lichens not considered closely related to land plants, despite their terrestrial lifestyle?
At which point in vertebrate evolution did the vertebral column first appear—before or after hagfishes (Myxini)?
What is a good example of convergent evolution involving flight in animals like insects and bats?
Which sessile chordate possesses a notochord but lacks a vertebral column, and how does it fit into chordate evolution?
How do fungi reproduce sexually, and do they produce eggs and sperm in mushrooms?
What structures do fungi use to produce gametes, and how are they different from those of animals and plants?
What happens in the sporophyte versus the gametophyte stage of a land plant’s life cycle in terms of cell division and reproduction?
Why is Selaginella considered heterosporous, and how does this affect its relationship to seed plants?
Why are echinoderms and chordates considered sister taxa, and what traits support this relationship
