ALL GRAMMAR TERMS Flashcards
Learn the basic grammar terms in the class, whether for reading, when spoken in class, and whether in Japanese or English
1
Q
形容詞 (provide English term))
A
adjective
2
Q
副詞 (provide English term)
A
adverb
3
Q
動詞 (provide English term)
A
verb
4
Q
他動詞 (provide English term)
A
transitive verb
5
Q
自動詞 (provide English term)
A
intransitive verb
6
Q
未然形 (provide English term)
A
imperfect base
7
Q
已然形 (provide English term)
A
perfective base
8
Q
終止形 (provide English term)
A
final base (dictionary form)
9
Q
連体形 (provide English term)
A
modifies-substantives base
10
Q
連用形 (provide English term)
A
modifies-inflecting words base
11
Q
命令形 (provide English term)
A
command base (command form)
12
Q
助詞 (provide English term)
A
particle
13
Q
助動詞 (provide English term)
A
auxiliary verb
14
Q
形容動詞 (provide English term)
A
na-noun / adjectival noun
15
Q
旧仮名遣い (provide English term)
A
premodern orthography
16
Q
音便 (provide English term)
A
sound convenience
17
Q
活用する (provide English term)
A
to inflect, to conjugate
18
Q
係り結び (provide English term)
A
kakarimusubi rule
19
Q
名詞 (provide English term)
A
noun
20
Q
用言 (provide English term)
A
inflecting word / conjugating word
21
Q
体言 (provide English term)
A
substantive
22
Q
接続 (provide English term)
A
connection
23
Q
カリ活用 (provide English term)
A
kari-inflection / kari-conjugation
24
Q
使役 (provide English term)
A
causative
25
尊敬 (provide English term)
respect
26
自発 (provide English term)
spontaneously arising
27
可能 (provide English term)
possibility / ability
28
受け身 (provide English term)
passive
29
謙譲 (provide English term)
humble
30
丁寧 (provide English term)
polite
31
完了 (provide English term)
completion
32
存続 (provide English term)
ongoing existence or event or state
33
打ち消し (provide English term)
negative
34
推量 (provide English term)
supposition
35
回想 (provide English term)
recollection (past tense-ish)
36
指定 (provide English term)
defining
37
断定 (provide English term)
defining
38
系助詞 (provide English term)
emphatic particles
39
副助詞 (provide English term)
adverbial particles
40
格助詞 (provide English term)
case particles
41
接続助詞 (provide English term)
conjunctive particles
42
終助詞 (provide English term)
final particles
43
間投助詞 (provide English term)
exclamatory particles
44
中止法 (provide English term)
mid-sentence stop
45
adjectival function (provide English definition or description)
the word or clause modifies a 体言, substantive
46
adverbial function (provide English definition or description)
the word or clause modifies a verb
47
topic (as a grammar term) (provide English definition or description)
a word or clause that establishes an important overall aspect of the sentence
48
subject (as a grammar term) (provide English definition or description)
the word that pairs with the predicate to make a sentence, and can be either an object or an actor (agent)
49
predicate (provide English definition or description)
verbs can be predicates but predicates can be other words
50
minimal subject-predicate pair (provide English definition or description)
the most basic sentences based on the subject(s) and predicate(s) that pair, stripped of all modifying clauses, indirect and direct objects, and so on.
51
direct object (provide English definition or description)
receives the action of the verb
52
indirect object (provide English definition or description)
is indirectly involved in the action of the verb
53
dependent clause (provide English definition or description)
tightly modifies something and makes very little sense if separated from the word it is modifying
54
independent clause (provide English definition or description)
seems to stand fairly well on its own, might "float" in the sentence (separated away from the word or clause it modifies), or might be part of a sequence (logical or temporal and such)
55
imperfect tense (provide English definition or description)
indicates hypothetic states, not-yet existing states (future tense), non-existing states (negative)
56
perfect tense (provide English definition or description)
indicates existing states
57
transitive verb (provide English definition or description)
verbs that can have a direct object, verbs that act on other things
58
intransitive verb (provide English definition or description)
verbs that indicate a state of affairs, or are passively receiving action
59
けいようし (provide English term)
adjective
60
ふくし (provide English term)
adverb
61
どうし (provide English term)
verb
62
たどうし (provide English term)
transitive verb
63
じどうし (provide English term)
intransitive verb
64
みぜんけい (provide English term)
imperfect base
65
いぜんけい (provide English term)
perfective base
66
しゅうしけい (provide English term)
final base (dictionary form)
67
れんたいけい (provide English term)
modifies-substantives base
68
れんようけい (provide English term)
modifies-inflecting words base
69
めいれいけい (provide English term)
command base (command form)
70
じょし (provide English term)
particle
71
じょどうし (provide English term)
auxiliary verb
72
けいようどうし (provide English term)
na-noun / adjectival noun
73
きゅうかなづかい (provide English term)
premodern orthography
74
おんびん (provide English term)
sound convenience
75
かつようする (provide English term)
to inflect, to conjugate
76
かかりむすび (provide English term)
kakarimusubi rule
77
めいし (provide English term)
noun
78
ようげん (provide English term)
inflecting word / conjugating word
79
たいげん (provide English term)
substantive
80
せつぞく (provide English term)
connection
81
かかりかつよう (provide English term)
kari-inflection / kari-conjugation
82
しえき (provide English term)
causative
83
そんけい (provide English term)
respect
84
じはつ (provide English term)
spontaneously arising
85
かのう (provide English term)
possibility / ability
86
うけみ (provide English term)
passive
87
けんじょう (provide English term)
humble
88
ていねい (provide English term)
polite
89
かんりょう (provide English term)
completion
90
そんぞく (provide English term)
ongoing existence or event or state
91
うちけいし (provide English term)
negative
92
すいりょ (provide English term)
supposition
93
かいそう (provide English term)
recollection (past tense-ish)
94
してい (provide English term)
defining
95
だんてい (provide English term)
defining
96
けいじょし (provide English term)
emphatic particles
97
ふくじょし (provide English term)
adverbial particles
98
かくじょし (provide English term)
case particles
99
せつぞくじょし (provide English term)
conjunctive particles
100
しゅうじょし (provide English term)
final particles
101
かんとうじょし (provide English term)
exclamatory particles
102
ちゅうしほう (provide English term)
mid-sentence stop
103
adjective (pronounce the Japanese)
形容詞（けいようし）
104
adverb (pronounce the Japanese)
副詞（ふくし）
105
verb (pronounce the Japanese)
動詞（じょし）
106
transitive verb (pronounce the Japanese)
他動詞（たどうし）
107
intransitive verb (pronounce the Japanese)
自動詞（じどうし）
108
imperfect base (pronounce the Japanese)
未然形（みぜんけい）
109
perfective base (pronounce the Japanese)
已然形（いぜんけい）
110
final base (dictionary form) (pronounce the Japanese)
終止形（しゅうしけい）
111
modifies-substantives base (pronounce the Japanese)
連体形（れんたいけい）
112
modifies-inflecting words base (pronounce the Japanese)
連用形（れんようけい）
113
command base (command form) (pronounce the Japanese)
命令形（めいれいけい）
114
particle (pronounce the Japanese)
助詞（じょし）
115
auxiliary verb (pronounce the Japanese)
助動詞（じょどうし）
116
na-noun / adjectival noun (pronounce the Japanese)
形容動詞（けいようどうし）
117
premodern orthography (pronounce the Japanese)
旧仮名遣い（きゅうかなづかい）
118
sound convenience (pronounce the Japanese)
音便（おんびん）
119
to inflect, to conjugate (pronounce the Japanese)
活用する（かつようする）
120
kakarimusubi rule
係り結び（かかりむすび）
121
noun (pronounce the Japanese)
名詞（めいし）
122
inflecting word / conjugating word (pronounce the Japanese)
用言（ようげん）
123
substantive (pronounce the Japanese)
体言（たいげん）
124
connection (pronounce the Japanese)
接続（せつぞく）
125
kari-inflection / kari-conjugation (pronounce the Japanese)
カリ活用（かりかつよう）
126
causative (pronounce the Japanese)
使役（しえき）
127
respect (pronounce the Japanese)
尊敬（そんけい）
128
spontaneously arising (pronounce the Japanese)
自発（じはつ）
129
possibility / ability (pronounce the Japanese)
可能（かのう）
130
passive (pronounce the Japanese)
受け身（うけみ）
131
humble (pronounce the Japanese)
謙譲（けんじょ）
132
polite (pronounce the Japanese)
丁寧（ていねい）
133
completion (pronounce the Japanese)
完了（かんりょう）
134
ongoing existence or event or state (pronounce the Japanese)
存続（そんぞく）
135
negative (pronounce the Japanese)
打ち消し（うちけし）
136
supposition (pronounce the Japanese)
推量（すいりょ）
137
recollection (past tense-ish) (pronounce the Japanese)
回想（かいそう）
138
defining (pronounce the Japanese)
指定（してい）
139
defining (pronounce the Japanese)
断定（だんてい）
140
emphatic particles (pronounce the Japanese)
系助詞（けいじょし）
141
adverbial particles (pronounce the Japanese)
副助詞（ふくじょし）
142
case particles (pronounce the Japanese)
格助詞（かくじょし）
143
conjunctive particles (pronounce the Japanese)
接続助詞（せつぞくじょし）
144
final particles (pronounce the Japanese)
終助詞（しゅうじょし）
145
exclamatory particles (pronounce the Japanese)
間投助詞（かんとうじょし）
146
mid-sentence stop (pronounce the Japanese)
中止法（ちゅうしほう）
