All Dates Flashcards
14th Century-1527
roughly the Italian Renaissance
1453
Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks
1492 (both)
Columbus sails the ocean blue, no more muslim no more jew (reconquista)
1513
Machiavelli publishes The Prince
1521—1648
Era of Religious Wars
1517
Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses
1527
Sack of Rome
1529
The Ottoman Turks lay siege to Vienna
1545-63
Council of Trent meets to decide how to reform the Catholic Church
1517-1648
Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter Reformation
1555
Peace of Augsburg ends the civil wars in Germany
1588
The Spanish Armada Fails in Its Crusade Against Protestant Elizabethan England
1567
Dutch Wars of Independence and Religion against Philip II
1562—1598
The French Civil Wars of Religion and Politics
1598
Edict of Nantes
1598
Philip II of Spain dies
1639-1646
English Civil War round I erupts
1688, 1689
Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights
1651
Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan
1618
Defenestration of Prague Begins Round Two of Religious and Civil War in HRE
1688
John Locke publishes his Second Treatise on Government
1648
Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War
1661-1715
Louis XIV assumes personal direction of his affairs and begins his reign as the “Sun King”
1642
Galileo dies and Newton is born indicating the growing and evolving Scientific Revolution
1683
Ottoman Turks laid siege to Vienna
1450-1650 and beyond
The Commercial Revolution
1689-1789
The Era of Enlightenment or Age of Reason
1689
English Bill of Rights
1701-1713
Wars of Spanish Succession
1776
Adam Smith publishes Wealth of Nations
1713
Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession
1740
Frederick the Great of Prussia and Maria Theresa of Austria begin German dualisms duel
1698-1725
Peter the Great Begins Westernization of Russia
1756-63
The Seven Years War
18th century
Rococo Art and Mozart
1780-1790
Reign of Josef II of Austria
May 5, 1789
The Estates General are summoned by Louis XVI
June 20-27
The Tennis Court Oath
July 14, 1789
Storming of the Bastille
August 4, 1789
Abolition of feudal privileges by National Constituent Assembly
1791-92
Olympe de Gouges and Mary Wollstonecraft publish treatises calling for women’s equality
1790 (2)
“Father of Modern Conservatism”, the Brit Edmund Burke predicts violent future of French Revolution
1790 (1)
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
1789-1791
Moderate stage of revolution dominated by those members of Third Estate originally summoned to the Estates General
1793-94
Radical Phase of the French Revolution
1799
Napoleon’s coup d’etat overthrows corrupt Directory
1793-94
Radical Revolution eventually led by the Jacobin Party leader Robespierre
1804
England dominates the High Seas for a Century
1812
Napoleon makes the fateful decision to invade Russia
1815-1914
the “Long Peace” in Europe
1789-1848
Romantic Era
1815
Congress of Vienna
1776-1830
Era of Democratic Revolutions Sweep Across the New World and Western “Liberal” Europe
1815-1848
The Age of Metternich
1819
Peterloo Massacre
1815-1846
Corn Laws In Effect
19th Century
Industrial Revolution
1832
Great Reform Bill in Britain
1838-1848
Chartists in England call for universal suffrage
1798–1848
David Ricardo’s “Iron Law of Wages”
1846
Repeal of Corn Laws in England
1848 (1)
Revolution sweeps across Europe and Failure of liberal nationalism
1848 (2)
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish their Communist Manifesto
1890’s
Fabian Socialist and Evolutionary Socialists Parties grow
July 1914
July diplomatic crisis; blank check, ultimatum, Russian mobilization, Schlieffen Plan, Belgian neutrality
June 28, 1914
Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzigovina, Austrian-Hungarian Empire
August 1914
WWI begins
1917
American enters war
1915
Italy and Ottomans enter the fray
November 11, 1918
armistice is signed ended the fighting on the Western Front
1905
“Bloody Sunday”
1919
Versailles Peace Conference
February 1917
Czar is overthrown and replaced by a provisional government
1917—1921
Civil War between the Reds and Whites in Russia
11:00 11/11/1918
the armistice ending hostilities is signed in a train car
1922-1928
The New Economic Policy was launched by Lenin
1924
Lenin dies
1929-1930
Great Depression hits Europe
1928
First 5 Year Plan for heavy industry was launched by Stalin in the USSR
1933
Hitler is appointed Chancellor by the aging Hindenburg in Germany
1935
Mussolini ordered the invasion of Ethiopia
1936-39
Spanish Civil War
1936
Leon Blum, a socialist, leads the Popular Front in France
March 1938
Anschluss German occupied Austria
September of 1938
Munich Conference
August of 1939
Nazi/Soviet Pact
November 9, 1938
Kristallnacht
November 9
Destiny Day
Sept. 1, 1939
WWII begins
1942
The “Final Solution” of the Jewish Question Gross Wannsee conference
1940
Norway, Holland, Belgium, and even France are crushed
June 22, 1941
“Operation Barbarossa”
May 8, 1945
V-E Day
Dec. 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor
June 6, 1944
D-Day
1947
Truman Doctrine
1947-48
Marshall Plan
1948
Berlin Airlift
1946
“Iron Curtain” speech
1947
India gained independence from Britain
1956
Khrushchev makes his six-hour long “secret speech”
1956
Imre Nagy leads a movement in Hungary to become more independent from Moscow
1957
Treaty of Rome
1958
The Algerian Crisis
1962
Cuban Missile Crisis
1961
Berlin Wall is erected
1979
The Soviet invaded Afghanistan
1968
“Prague Spring” is crushed
1979
Conservative Party leader Margaret Thatcher is elected Prime Minister of Britain
1979
Solidarity Movement under Lech Walesa is launched
1985
Gorbachev is elected premier of the Soviet Union
1988-89
The Velvet Revolutions
1991
Fall of the Soviet Union
1994-95
Ethnic cleansing in the former Yugoslavia
1990
Germany reunified
1990’s
Eastern European states struggle to convert to free market capitalism and democracy
September 11, 2001
terrorists combined with weapons of mass destruction become the new scourge of the twenty-first century.
2008-2009
Great Recession
2009-2024
rise of right wing populist authoritarianism who oppose immigration, globalization, and want a return to “traditional values”