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Phlebotomy Final > All chapters > Flashcards

All chapters Flashcards

1
Q

How many chambers does the human heart have?

A

four

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2
Q

Which blood vessel provides oxygenated blood?

A

the aorta

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3
Q

How thick is the wall of a capillary?

A

one cell

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4
Q

what is the function of a valve in a vein?

A

to prevent reverse blood flow

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5
Q

which vessels supply the heart with blood?

A

the coronary arteries

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6
Q

which type of cell carries oxygen around the body?

A

red blood cells

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7
Q

what is the function of white blood cells ?

A

to be part of the immune system/protect the body from invading pathogens

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8
Q

which type of vessel needs to withstand high blood pressure ?

A

an artery

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9
Q

what percentage of blood is plasma?

A

55 percent

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10
Q

what is the fluid part of the blood that remains after clotting?

A

serum

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11
Q

plasma is made up of what percentage of water ?

A

92 percent

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12
Q

how many days do red blood cells typically stay alive for and where do they die ?

A

120 days, and die in the spleen

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13
Q

which of the following is a universal blood donor?

A

type O

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14
Q

what are small arteries and small veins called?

A

arterioles and venules

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15
Q

A patient lying on their back with face up is called?

A

supine

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16
Q

which organ is located posterior (back side)

A

kidneys

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17
Q

Why is venous blood darker ?

A

lack of oxygen

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18
Q

which blood vessels have a pulse

A

artery

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19
Q

What gives red blood cells the ability to carry oxygen and co2?

A

hemoglobin

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20
Q

Deoxygenated

A

high levels of CO2

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21
Q

What is oxygenated blood?

A

high oxygen levels, lower CO2

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22
Q

what is the artery?

A

carry blood away from the heart

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23
Q

what do the capillaries do?

A

take waste products away from your tissues.
oxygen and nutrients are exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste.

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24
Q

what does the vein do?

A

carry blood to the heart

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25
Q

what is the muscle of the heart called?

A

myocardium

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26
Q

What is a thrombocyte

A

platelet

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27
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells

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28
Q

what are leukocytes?

A

white blood cells

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29
Q

what are clotting factors?

A

thrombocyte/platelets

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30
Q

Tourniquet application steps

A

1 minute application only to avoid complication
2 minutes between two trial
3 inches above the site

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31
Q

Lumen

A

part of the needle that blood goes through

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32
Q

Bevel

A

needs to be levelled to puncture the skin

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33
Q

Why do tubes need to be facing upwards or Flat

A

to prevent needle additive contamination.

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34
Q

What does each tube contain?

A

each tube contains anti coagulate substance/chemical

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35
Q

which laboratory department is responsible for testing how quickly a patient’s blot clots?

A

Hematology

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36
Q

why should phlebotomists not wear artificial nails or nail wraps ?

A

because they can harbor bacteria

37
Q

what does blood transport ?

A

gases: o2 and co2
chemical substances
cells of blood

38
Q

what does blood protect from ?

A

pathogens
blood loss

39
Q

is it true that blood regulates the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance?

A

true

40
Q

what is blood made out of ?

A

plasma: responsible for 55 percent of total blood volume
formed elements: blood cells, makes up 45% of total blood volume.

41
Q

A milliliter of blood has approximately

A

4.2 million to 6 million red blood cells
4500 to 11,000 white blood cells
150,000 to 450,000 platelets

42
Q

what occurs when a red blood cell is no longer useful?

A

it is broken down into iron and bilirubin

43
Q

what is hematopeisis ?

A

process of blood formation

44
Q

where does the formation of blood take place?

A

red bone marrow

45
Q

What does injury to a blood vessel cause?

A

the flow of blood slows down and platelets release clotting factors. (activates clotting factors in the blood plasma. )

46
Q

What is HIPAA ?

A

it applies to all healthcare workers. a federal law that requires health information to be kept private and secure.

47
Q

What are ways to protect patients’ privacy?

A

do not give confidential information in emails.
making sure fax numbers are correct before faxing healthcare information.

48
Q

What is CMS( centers for medicare and Medicaid services) ?

A

a federal agency responsible for medicare and Medicaid

49
Q

what is CLIA waived test?

A

easy to perform tests that involve little risk of error. (pregnancy tests). so tests people with little to no medical training can perform. (phlebotomists)

50
Q

What are point of care tests?

A

testing is done near or in the presence of the patient, many are CLIA waived.

51
Q

what is a tort?

A

a violation of civil law, ex: negligence

52
Q

what is a mandated reporter ?

A

person who is legally required to report suspected or observed abuse or neglect due to regular contact with vulnerable populations

53
Q

what is informed consent ?

A

acknowledgement to treatment or to a procedure that is given after receiving information regarding risks and benefits. must be documented beforehand.

54
Q

what is implied consent ?

A

the assumption that a person agrees to treatment or to a procedure; allows medical treatment to be provided in case of EMERGENCY (even if cannot verbally express consent)

55
Q

what is battery?

A

intentional touching of another person without permission

56
Q

is verbally coercing a patient to agree to a procedure considered assault ?

A

yes, true

57
Q

what is an example of battery?

A

completing a blood draw against a patient’s wishes.

58
Q

What is the chain of reaction?

A

a way of describing how disease is transmitted from one human being to another.

59
Q

What is the chain order?

A
  1. causative agent, 2. reservoir, 3. portal of exit, 4. mode of transmission, 5. portal of entry, 6. susceptible host.
60
Q

is sweat a bodily fluid ?

A

no

61
Q

What is PPE? (personal protective equipment)

A

equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illness. (face masks, hood cap, protective glasses, etc)

62
Q

bloodborne pathogen

A

microorganism found in human blood, fluid, fluid, draining wounds, and mucous membranes that can cause infection and disease in humans.

63
Q

How are bloodborne infections spread?

A

contact with contaminated blood or body fluids, contaminated needs or other sharp objects.

64
Q

what are two major bloodborne diseases in the US.

A

HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis

65
Q

What is hepatitis ?

A

inflammation of the LIVER caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse.

66
Q

what is hepatits A?

A

fecal-oral contamination

67
Q

what is hepatitis B?

A

transmitted through sexual contact, sharing infected needles, using improperly sterilized needles for tattoos/piercings, pregnancy. 30% chance to be infected.
MOST CONCERNING. only one treated with vaccine

68
Q

what is hepatitis C?

A

is transmitted through blood or body fluids. (leads to cancer)

69
Q

Why do needles need to be disposed of/discarded in one unit as whole, rather than just in sharps biohazard container and tube in trash?

A

TO prevent hepatitis B/ contamination

70
Q

What is OSHA? Occupational safety and health?

A

is lists the safety of people who work in medical field/healthcare.
Mandatory hepatitis B vaccine

71
Q

what is an example of a biological hazard?

A

bloodborne pathogens

72
Q

blood vessels and nerve endings are concentrated in the ___ layer of the skin?

A

dermis (middle layer)

73
Q

what is epidermis?

A

the outer layer of skin

74
Q

what gland is known as the master gland?

A

the pituitary gland (secretes hormones)

75
Q

what is considered the pace maker of the heart?

A

the sinoatrial node ( initiates heartbeat)

76
Q

the smallest blood vessels?

A

capillaries

77
Q

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body?

A

the arteries

78
Q

Which layer in blood vessels is made up of mostly muscle tissue, and elastic fibers ?

A

the tunica media. (accommodate changes in blood pressure to maintain blood flow)

79
Q

Which blood vessel holds about 70% of the body’s blood?

A

the veins. (prevent backflow of blood)

80
Q

Venous blood is..

A

deep dark red

81
Q

A specimen containing an anticoagulant additive and is not spun in a centrifuge is called a _____specimen.

A

whole blood specimen

82
Q

what is anticoagulant?

A

prevents clotting

83
Q

What happens when anticoagulant is spun?

A

it is divided into three layers. bottom layer is RBC, thin middle layer is WBC and platelets, and top layer is PLASMA (fibrinogen)

84
Q

The thin middle layer is referred to as..

A

BUFFY COAT

85
Q

which words best describe how a healthy vein feels when palpated ?

A

springy, bouncy

86
Q

what is accomplished by warming the site of a capillary puncture?

A

increased blood flow

87
Q

this is the bodys first line of defense when a blood vessel is injured ..

A

the blood vessel constricts to reduce blood loss

88
Q
A

Phlebotomy Final (2 decks)

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