All chapters Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
How many chambers does the human heart have?
A
four
2
Q
Which blood vessel provides oxygenated blood?
A
the aorta
3
Q
How thick is the wall of a capillary?
A
one cell
4
Q
what is the function of a valve in a vein?
A
to prevent reverse blood flow
5
Q
which vessels supply the heart with blood?
A
the coronary arteries
6
Q
which type of cell carries oxygen around the body?
A
red blood cells
7
Q
what is the function of white blood cells ?
A
to be part of the immune system/protect the body from invading pathogens
8
Q
which type of vessel needs to withstand high blood pressure ?
A
an artery
9
Q
what percentage of blood is plasma?
A
55 percent
10
Q
what is the fluid part of the blood that remains after clotting?
A
serum
11
Q
plasma is made up of what percentage of water ?
A
92 percent
12
Q
how many days do red blood cells typically stay alive for and where do they die ?
A
120 days, and die in the spleen
13
Q
which of the following is a universal blood donor?
A
type O
14
Q
what are small arteries and small veins called?
A
arterioles and venules
15
Q
A patient lying on their back with face up is called?
A
supine
16
Q
which organ is located posterior (back side)
A
kidneys
17
Q
Why is venous blood darker ?
A
lack of oxygen
18
Q
which blood vessels have a pulse
A
artery
19
Q
What gives red blood cells the ability to carry oxygen and co2?
A
hemoglobin
20
Q
Deoxygenated
A
high levels of CO2
21
Q
What is oxygenated blood?
A
high oxygen levels, lower CO2
22
Q
what is the artery?
A
carry blood away from the heart
23
Q
what do the capillaries do?
A
take waste products away from your tissues.
oxygen and nutrients are exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste.
24
Q
what does the vein do?
A
carry blood to the heart
25
what is the muscle of the heart called?
myocardium
26
What is a thrombocyte
platelet
27
What are erythrocytes?
red blood cells
28
what are leukocytes?
white blood cells
29
what are clotting factors?
thrombocyte/platelets
30
Tourniquet application steps
1 minute application only to avoid complication
2 minutes between two trial
3 inches above the site
31
Lumen
part of the needle that blood goes through
32
Bevel
needs to be levelled to puncture the skin
33
Why do tubes need to be facing upwards or Flat
to prevent needle additive contamination.
34
What does each tube contain?
each tube contains anti coagulate substance/chemical
35
which laboratory department is responsible for testing how quickly a patient's blot clots?
Hematology
36
why should phlebotomists not wear artificial nails or nail wraps ?
because they can harbor bacteria
37
what does blood transport ?
gases: o2 and co2
chemical substances
cells of blood
38
what does blood protect from ?
pathogens
blood loss
39
is it true that blood regulates the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?
true
40
what is blood made out of ?
plasma: responsible for 55 percent of total blood volume
formed elements: blood cells, makes up 45% of total blood volume.
41
A milliliter of blood has approximately
4.2 million to 6 million red blood cells
4500 to 11,000 white blood cells
150,000 to 450,000 platelets
42
what occurs when a red blood cell is no longer useful?
it is broken down into iron and bilirubin
43
what is hematopeisis ?
process of blood formation
44
where does the formation of blood take place?
red bone marrow
45
What does injury to a blood vessel cause?
the flow of blood slows down and platelets release clotting factors. (activates clotting factors in the blood plasma. )
46
What is HIPAA ?
it applies to all healthcare workers. a federal law that requires health information to be kept private and secure.
47
What are ways to protect patients' privacy?
do not give confidential information in emails.
making sure fax numbers are correct before faxing healthcare information.
48
What is CMS( centers for medicare and Medicaid services) ?
a federal agency responsible for medicare and Medicaid
49
what is CLIA waived test?
easy to perform tests that involve little risk of error. (pregnancy tests). so tests people with little to no medical training can perform. (phlebotomists)
50
What are point of care tests?
testing is done near or in the presence of the patient, many are CLIA waived.
51
what is a tort?
a violation of civil law, ex: negligence
52
what is a mandated reporter ?
person who is legally required to report suspected or observed abuse or neglect due to regular contact with vulnerable populations
53
what is informed consent ?
acknowledgement to treatment or to a procedure that is given after receiving information regarding risks and benefits. must be documented beforehand.
54
what is implied consent ?
the assumption that a person agrees to treatment or to a procedure; allows medical treatment to be provided in case of EMERGENCY (even if cannot verbally express consent)
55
what is battery?
intentional touching of another person without permission
56
is verbally coercing a patient to agree to a procedure considered assault ?
yes, true
57
what is an example of battery?
completing a blood draw against a patient's wishes.
58
What is the chain of reaction?
a way of describing how disease is transmitted from one human being to another.
59
What is the chain order?
1. causative agent, 2. reservoir, 3. portal of exit, 4. mode of transmission, 5. portal of entry, 6. susceptible host.
60
is sweat a bodily fluid ?
no
61
What is PPE? (personal protective equipment)
equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illness. (face masks, hood cap, protective glasses, etc)
62
bloodborne pathogen
microorganism found in human blood, fluid, fluid, draining wounds, and mucous membranes that can cause infection and disease in humans.
63
How are bloodborne infections spread?
contact with contaminated blood or body fluids, contaminated needs or other sharp objects.
64
what are two major bloodborne diseases in the US.
HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis
65
What is hepatitis ?
inflammation of the LIVER caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse.
66
what is hepatits A?
fecal-oral contamination
67
what is hepatitis B?
transmitted through sexual contact, sharing infected needles, using improperly sterilized needles for tattoos/piercings, pregnancy. 30% chance to be infected.
MOST CONCERNING. only one treated with vaccine
68
what is hepatitis C?
is transmitted through blood or body fluids. (leads to cancer)
69
Why do needles need to be disposed of/discarded in one unit as whole, rather than just in sharps biohazard container and tube in trash?
TO prevent hepatitis B/ contamination
70
What is OSHA? Occupational safety and health?
is lists the safety of people who work in medical field/healthcare.
Mandatory hepatitis B vaccine
71
what is an example of a biological hazard?
bloodborne pathogens
72
blood vessels and nerve endings are concentrated in the ___ layer of the skin?
dermis (middle layer)
73
what is epidermis?
the outer layer of skin
74
what gland is known as the master gland?
the pituitary gland (secretes hormones)
75
what is considered the pace maker of the heart?
the sinoatrial node ( initiates heartbeat)
76
the smallest blood vessels?
capillaries
77
Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body?
the arteries
78
Which layer in blood vessels is made up of mostly muscle tissue, and elastic fibers ?
the tunica media. (accommodate changes in blood pressure to maintain blood flow)
79
Which blood vessel holds about 70% of the body's blood?
the veins. (prevent backflow of blood)
80
Venous blood is..
deep dark red
81
A specimen containing an anticoagulant additive and is not spun in a centrifuge is called a _____specimen.
whole blood specimen
82
what is anticoagulant?
prevents clotting
83
What happens when anticoagulant is spun?
it is divided into three layers. bottom layer is RBC, thin middle layer is WBC and platelets, and top layer is PLASMA (fibrinogen)
84
The thin middle layer is referred to as..
BUFFY COAT
85
which words best describe how a healthy vein feels when palpated ?
springy, bouncy
86
what is accomplished by warming the site of a capillary puncture?
increased blood flow
87
this is the bodys first line of defense when a blood vessel is injured ..
the blood vessel constricts to reduce blood loss
88
