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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function

A

organelle

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2
Q

: A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

A

cell membrane

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3
Q

The control center of the cell that contains the cell’s DNA and directs the cell’s activities.

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

The fluid-like substance inside the cell where various organelles are suspended.

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

Organelles responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration.

A

mitochondria

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6
Q

A network of membranes that transport proteins and other molecules within the cell.

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

An organelle involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transport within the cell or secretion outside the cell.

A

golgi apparatus

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8
Q

A small organelle responsible for protein synthesis.

A

ribosomes

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9
Q

: Organelles containing enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

A

Lysosomes

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10
Q

: A storage organelle that stores water, nutrients, and waste materials.

A

vacuoles

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11
Q

An organelle found in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis and containing chlorophyll.

A

chloroplast

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12
Q

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells that provides support and protection

A

cell wall

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13
Q

A network of protein filaments that give shape, support, and allow for movement within the cell.

A

cytoskeleton

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14
Q

Small membranous sacs that transport and store various substances within the cell.

A

vesicle

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15
Q

Cylindrical structures involved in cell division and the formation of the spindle fibers.

A

centriole

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16
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information in all living organisms

A

DNA

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17
Q

The process by which the genetic information stored in DNA is copied into RNA.

A

Transcription

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18
Q

Ribonucleic acid, a molecule involved in various biological processes, including protein synthesis

A

RNA

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19
Q

The basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

A

nucleotides

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20
Q

The strand of DNA that serves as a template for RNA synthesis during transcription

A

template strand

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21
Q

Non-coding regions within a gene that are transcribed into pre-mRNA but are later removed during RNA processing.

A

introns

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22
Q

: Coding regions within a gene that are transcribed into pre-mRNA and are retained in the final mRNA molecule

A

exons

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23
Q

Organic compounds that are the building blocks of proteins.

A

amino acids

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24
Q

A chain of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds, which forms the basis for protein synthesis

A

polypeptide

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25
Q

Cells were first recorded by

A

Robert Hooke around 1665

26
Q

s were a contributor on the discovery of the cell.
The two are known for their invention the compound optical microscope.

A

Zacharias Janssen and Hans

27
Q

When he looked at a thin slice of
cork under his microscope, he saw that the cork was made-up of many tiny units’
room like structure, he saw tiny little shapes that looked like little rooms with walls
around each of them

A

robert hooke

28
Q

was the first to state
that cells are the building blocks of all plants and that an embryonic plant arose
from one single cell.

A

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

29
Q

‘Omnis cellula e cellula means

A

that new cells
come from already existing cells

30
Q

Referring to a type of cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

A

prokaryotic

31
Q

Referring to a type of cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

A

eukaryotic

32
Q

group of cells with similar structures and functions

A

plant tissues

33
Q

covers the surface of the plant

A

epidermis

34
Q

cells or group of cells that have the ability to divide

A

meristematic

35
Q

thin walled cells with large central vacuoles it is for photosynthesis, storage, and support

A

parenchyma

36
Q

Cells with unevenly thickened cell walls it is for flexibility and support

A

collenchyma

37
Q

cells with thick lignified walls offers strength and protection dead upon maturity

A

schlerenchyma

38
Q

Composed of vessel elements, tracheids, fibers, and parenchyma cells transports water and minerals from shoots to roots

A

xylem

39
Q

it conducts food form leaves to all parts of the plant

A

phloem

40
Q

This phase is often referred to as the “growth phase

A

G1

41
Q

it involves the replication of DNA

A

S

42
Q

. The cell continues to grow, and any remaining proteins, RNA, or other molecules needed for cell division are synthesized.

A

G2

43
Q

lines, covers, and protect other tissues and organs

A

epithelium

44
Q

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

A

epithelium

45
Q

cells very thin much wider than they are thick

A

squamous epithelium

46
Q

lining of blood vessesls, heart, treachea and lymphatic tubes

A

simple squamous epithelium

47
Q

skin, vagina, esophagus, mouth

A

stratified squamous epithelium

48
Q

„Elongated cells, much longer than they
are wide

A

columnar epithelium

49
Q

A single layer of cells that line the digestive tract,
gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands

A

simple columnar epithelium

50
Q

Lines the bronchi, trachea, uterine tubes and
some of the uterus

A

ciliated columnar epithelium

51
Q

Characterized by the cells widely separated
from each other in a matrix that is produced
by the cells.

A

connective tissue

52
Q

Gel like ground with both elastic and nonelastic fibers running though the ground in
many directions.

A

loose connective tissue

53
Q

Function as storage cells for adipose

A

adipose

54
Q

Ground of matrix is gum like

A

cartilagev

55
Q

Ground of matrix is Solid (Calcium
carbonate).

A

bone

56
Q

Tissue with cells having fibers specialized for
contraction

A

muscle tissue

57
Q

Parallel elongated cells (fibers)
ƒ multinucleated and each cell is the length of the
muscle.

A

skeletal muscle

58
Q

Organized into sheets of muscle.

A

smooth muscle

59
Q

Intercalated disc
ƒ Myogenic
ƒ branched

A

cardiac muscle

60
Q

Cells specialized to polarize and
depolarize

A

nervous tissue

Gen Biology 1 (5 decks)

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