Alkyl Halides Flashcards
One test for R-X
AgNO3 test
Cl in silver nitrate
White ppt
Br in silver nitrate
Very pale cream
I in silver nitrate
Very pale yellow ppt
Pharmaceuticals containing halogens like fluorine
Ciproflaxin
Mefloquine
Fluconazole
Why is fluorine beneficial in pharmacy?
C-F bond is relatively unreactive
Why are CFCs important?
A class of R-X that is used as refrigerant and propellant but posed danger to ozone layer
CCl4 benefit
Fire extinguisher
Fabric cleanser
Important hydrophobic R-X
Dichloromethane
Trichloromethane
Chloroform is…
Trichloromethane
Mechanism of reaction in silver nitrate test for R-X
It is a substitution reaction which turns the halogen in the unknown compound into a halide ion which is tested with silver nitrate solution.
Why is the halogenoalkane warmed with some sodium hydroxide solution in a mixture of ethanol and water in silver nitrate test?
To aid dissolution of all reacting species
Why is the solution acidified by addition of dilute nitric acid in silver nitrate test for R-X?
To prevent unreacted hydroxide ions from reacting with the silver ions.
To remove carbonate ions present in the sample. They can give white silver carbonate ppt that cancan be mistaken for Cl
Which functional group is AgNO3 used to test for?
R-X
How do you confirm precipitates in the test for R-X?
By adding ammonia solution.
