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PCH > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

1
Q

What are alcohols?

A

Organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl functional groups attached to a carbon atom

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2
Q

Classes of alcohol

A

Aromatic

Aliphatic

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3
Q

Difference between aromatic and aliphatic alcohol

A

Aliphatic have OH group attached to straight chain carbon, aromatic have OH group attached to benzene ring

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4
Q

The most widely used alcohols are

A

Methanol
Ethanol
2-propanol

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5
Q

Classes of aromatic alcohols

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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6
Q

Methanol use

A

Antifreeze
Dry gas

Both automotive products

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7
Q

Ethanol use

A

Solvent for drugs and chemicals

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8
Q

2-propanol use

A

Antiseptic

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9
Q

Phenols are…

A

The simplest form of aromatic alcohols

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10
Q

Difference between phenol and aliphatic alcohol

A

More acidic
Toxic
Causes skin burns

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11
Q

Uses of phenol derivative, thymol

A

To kill fungi and hookworms

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12
Q

One of the big differences between alcohols and hydrocarbons is…

A

Their ability to give and receive H bonds.

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13
Q

Effect of H bonds on alcohols

A

It increases the intermolecular force and therefore the mp and bp. It also allows them dissolve in water.

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14
Q

Tests for alchols

A 
Sodium test
Iodoform reaction
Phenol test
Jones’ oxidation reaction
Lucas test
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15
Q

Sodium test for alcohol

A

Rapid evolution of H gas

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16
Q

Iodoform test for alcohol

A

Test is positive for a few specific secondary alcohols that contain at least, one methyl group in the alpha position.

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17
Q

Mechanism of iodoform test

A

When iodine and sodium hydroxide are added to a compound that contains either a methyl ketone or a secondary alcohol, a pale yellow precipitate of iodoform or triiodomethane is formed.

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18
Q

How is the reagent for iodoform test obtained?

A

Iodine + NaOH

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19
Q

Iodoform test is also used to test for…

A

Methyl ketone

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20
Q

The only primary alcohol that gives positive iodoform test is…

A

Ethanol

21
Q

What makes up Lucas reagent?

A

ZnCl2 in concentrated HCl

22
Q

The Lucas test is based on…

A

The rate of reaction of alcohols to give alkyl halides

23
Q

The reaction that occurs in the Lucas test can be seen as a

A

nucleophilic substitution reaction.

24
Q

The observation of a change where the clear and colourless characteristic of the solution changes to a turbid, cloudy, and hazy one with Lucas test implies that

A

a chloroalkane has formed

25
Q

Positive Lucas test is symbolized by…

A

White turbid, cloudy solution from colorless

26
Q

Tertiary alcohol with Lucas test

A

They react the fastest due to the fact the organic chloride has relatively low solubility in the aqueous mixture.

27
Q

Primary alcohol with Lucas test

A

The solution remains colourless unless it is subjected to heat. The solution forms an oily layer when heated

28
Q

Secondary alcohol with Lucas test

A

The solution turns turbid and forms an oily layer in three to five minutes (varies based on the solubility)

29
Q

Positive test for phenol is seen in…

A

Formation of a blue, violet, purple, green, or red-brown color upon addition of aqueous ferric chloride.

30
Q

Cresol colour in phenol test

A

Blue

31
Q

Beta naphthol colour in phenol test

A

Light green

32
Q

Alpha naphthol colour in phenol test

A

Green

33
Q

Hydroquinine colour in phenol test

A

Blue

34
Q

Phenol colour in phenol test

A

Violet or purple

35
Q

What is the colour of ferric chloride?

A

Yellow-orange

36
Q

What makes up Jones reagent?

A

Chromic anhydride and dilute sulfuric acid (CrO3 + H2SO4 + H2O) in acetone

37
Q

Positive Jones’ test for primary alcohol

A

Initially oxidized to aldehydes, then to carboxylic acids

38
Q

Positive Jones’ test for secondary alcohol

A

The secondary alcohols are oxidized to corresponding ketones

39
Q

Positive Jones’ test for tertiary alcohol

A

Not oxidized, no reaction

40
Q

Positive Jones’ test for phenol

A

Oxidation to non-descriptive brown tarry mass

41
Q

The reaction of an alcohol with sodium produces…

A

Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas

42
Q

Relationship between alcohol acidity and reactivity with Na

A

The more acidic the alcohol, the faster the reaction

43
Q

Which alcohol class is most acidic?

A

Primary, due to increased electron density on oxygen atom and stearic hindrance

44
Q

Propan-1-ol

A

Monohydric, secondary aliphatic

45
Q

2-methylbutan-2-ol

A

Monohydric, tertiary aliphatic

46
Q

2-methylpropanol

A

Monohydric, primary

47
Q

2-methylphenol

A

Aromatic/Phenolic

48
Q

Pentan-2-ol

A

Monohydric, secondary aliphatic

PCH (2 decks)

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