Alkenes and Alkynes

Question 1

hydrohalogenation

Answer 1

• whats added: H⁺ and X^- (x = Br, Cl, I)
• stereospecificity: none
• regiospecificity: markovnikov addition
• rearrangement: possible to form the most stable carbocation
• intermediate: carbocation

Question 2

ozonolysis: reducing conditions

Answer 2

Reagents: 1. O₃ 2. Zn, H₂O or (CH₃)₂S
Products:
› Alkene with 0 hydrogens —> ketone
› alkene with one hydrogen —> aldehyde
› alkene with 2 hydrogens —> formaldehyde

Question 3

Hydrohalogenation with peroxide

Answer 3

• whats added: H⁺ and Br^-
• stereospecificity: none
• regiospecificity: anti-markovnikov addition of the halide atom to the least substituted carbon
• rearrangement: not possible
• intermediate: radical

Question 4

Halogenation

Answer 4

• Unreactive solvent
• Anti-addition to each of the alkene double bonds (2 chlorines added)