alkenes 3.3.4 in paper 2 & 3 Flashcards
1
Q
what are structural isomers?
A
- compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
2
Q
what are skeletal/chain isomers?
A
- molecules that have the same molecular formula but have different structural formulae bacause they differ in arrangement of their skeletal carbons.
3
Q
what are positional isomers?
A
- molecules that have the same arrangement of skeletal atoms but have different structural formulae because they differ in the position of a substituent.
4
Q
what are functional isomers?
A
- isomers that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae due to different functional groups.
5
Q
what are stereoisomers?
A
- molecules with the same molecular formula and different arrangment of atoms in space.
6
Q
how do you do you distinguish E/Z isomers?
A
- CIP priority rule
- highest priority is determined by which atom has the highest atomic number.
- Z-isomers have the priority groups on the same side of the double bond.
- E-isomers have the priority groups on opposite sides of the carbon double bond.
7
Q
what are cis and trans isomers?
A
- cis = same side
- trans = opposite side
- happens when 2 groups bonded to the carbon are identical.
8
Q
why do E/Z isomers exist?
A
- due to the restricted rotation in the carbon double bond.
