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A - Organic Chemistry - Chamberland > Alkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

Molecular formula of methane

A
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2
Q

Molecular formula of ethane

A
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3
Q

Molecular formula of propane

A
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4
Q

Molecular formula of butane

A
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5
Q

Molecular formula of pentane

A
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6
Q

Molecular formula of hexane

A
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7
Q

Molecular formula of heptane

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8
Q

Molecular formula of octane

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9
Q

Molecular formula of nonane

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10
Q

Molecular formula of decane

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11
Q

Molecular formula of tridecane

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12
Q

Molecular formula of undecane

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13
Q

Molecular formula of dodecane

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14
Q

Molecular formula of tetradecane

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15
Q

Molecular formula of pentadecane

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16
Q

Molecular formula of hexadecane

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17
Q

Molecular formula of heptadecane

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18
Q

Molecular formula of octadecane

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19
Q

Molecular formula of nonadecane

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20
Q

Molecular formula of eicosane

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21
Q

Condensed structural formula of propane

A
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22
Q

Condensed structural formula of butane

A
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23
Q

Condensed structural formula of octane

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24
Q

Condensed structural formula of tetradecane

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25
Q

Condensed structural formula of nonadecane

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26
Q

Undec-

A

11

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27
Q

Dodec-

A

12

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28
Q

Tridec-

A

13

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29
Q

Tetradec-

A

14

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30
Q

Pentadec-

A

15

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31
Q

Hexadec-

A

16

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32
Q

Heptadec-

A

17

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33
Q

Octadec-

A

18

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34
Q

Nonadec-

A

19

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35
Q

Eicos-

A

20

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36
Q

Are Alkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Saturated.

They contain only carbon-carbon single bonds and each carbon has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to it.

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37
Q

Are Alkenes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Unsaturaed. Contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, triple bonds, or benzene rings.

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38
Q

Are Alkynes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Unsaturaed. Contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, triple bonds, or benzene rings.

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39
Q

Are Arenes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Unsaturaed. Contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, triple bonds, or benzene rings.

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40
Q

What is the general molecular formula for an alkane?

A
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41
Q

What is a constitutional isomer?

A

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

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42
Q

Name this molecule

A

2-methylpropane

(an isomer of butane)

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43
Q

True or False?

All compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas (different connectivities of their atoms) are constitutional isomers.

A

True

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44
Q

Same compound or constitutional isomers?

A

Constitutional isomers

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45
Q

Same compound or constitutional isomers?

A

Same compound

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46
Q

Name compound

A

4-methyloctane

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47
Q

What is an Alkyl group?

A

A substituent group derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom

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48
Q

Name compound

A

2-methylpentane

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49
Q

Name compound

A

2,4-Dimethylhexane

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50
Q

Name compound

A

3-Ethyl-5-methylheptane

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51
Q

Name compound

A

4-Ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane

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52
Q

Which numbering is correct and what is the name of the compound?

A

3-Ethyl-2-methylhexane

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53
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

Methyl

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54
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

Ethyl

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55
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

Propyl

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56
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

1-Methylethyl

(isopropyl, iPr)

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57
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

Butyl (Bu)

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58
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

2-Methylpropyl

(isobutyl, iBu)

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59
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

1-Methylpropyl

(sec-butyl, s-Bu)

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60
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

1,1-Dimethylethyl

(tert-butyl, t-Bu)

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61
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

Pentyl

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62
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

3-Methylbutyl

(isopentyl)

63
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

2-Methylbutyl

64
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

2,2-Dimethylpropyl

(neopentyl)

65
Q

What is the IUPAC and common name of this alkane?

A

2-Methyl-4(1-methylethyl)heptane

4-isopropyl-2-methylheptane

66
Q

Name this alkane

A

2-Methylbutane

67
Q

Name this alkane

A

2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)octane

68
Q

Name this alkane

A

4-(1-Methylethyl)-4-propyloctane

69
Q

What is the common name?

A

Butane

70
Q

Provide common name

A

Isobutane

71
Q

Give common name

A

Pentane

72
Q

Give the common name

A

Isopentane

73
Q

Give common name

A

Neopentane

74
Q

What does this suffix mean?

A

Hydrocarbon

75
Q

What does this suffix mean?

A

Alcohol

76
Q

What does this suffix mean?

A

Aldehyde

77
Q

What does this suffix mean?

A

Keytone

78
Q

What does this suffix mean?

A

Carboxylic acid

79
Q

What does this infix mean?

A

All single bonds

80
Q

What does this infix mean?

A

One or more double bonds

81
Q

What does this infix mean?

A

One or more triple bonds

82
Q

Give IUPAC name

A

Propanone

83
Q

Give IUPAC name

A

Pentanal

84
Q

Give IUPAC name

A

Cyclopentanol

85
Q

Give IUPAC name

A

Cycloheptene

86
Q

Define Cycloalkane

A

A saturated hydrocarbon that contains carbons joined to form a ring.

87
Q

Name

A

Cyclopropane

88
Q

Name

A

Cyclobutane

89
Q

Name

A

Cyclopentane

90
Q

Name

A

Cyclohexane

91
Q

What is the general formula for a cycloalkane?

A
92
Q

What is the difference between these two alkanes?

C6H12 and C6H14

A

This is a cyclohexane

93
Q

Name

A

1-Ethyl-4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)cyclohexane

or

1-tert-butyl-4-ethylcyclohexane

94
Q

Name

A

2-Ethyl-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane

95
Q

Name

A
96
Q

Name

A
97
Q

Name

A
98
Q

Define bicycloalkane

A

An alkane that contains two rings that share two carbon atoms

99
Q

What is the general formula of a bicycloalkane?

A
100
Q

Name

A
101
Q

Name

A
102
Q

Define conformation

A

Any three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule that results from rotation about a single bond.

103
Q

Define: Staggered conformation

A

A conformation about a carbon- carbon single bond in which the atoms or groups on one carbon are as far apart as possible from atoms or groups on an adjacent carbon.

104
Q

Define: Newman Projection

A

A way to view a molecule by looking along a carbon-carbon single bond to help evaluate the relative orientations of attached groups.

105
Q

Staggered or Eclipsed?

A

Staggered

106
Q

Staggered or eclipsed?

A

Eclipsed

107
Q

Define: Eclipsed conformation

A
108
Q

Define: Dihedral angle

A

The angle created by 2 intersecting planes

109
Q

Dihedral angle of eclipsed conformation?

A
110
Q

Dihedral angle of a staggered conformation?

A
111
Q

The difference in energy between an eclipsed conformation and a staggered conformation of ethane is approximately?

A

12.6 kJ (3.0 kcal)/mol

(approximately 4.2 kJ (1.0 kcal)/mol for each eclipsed H/H) and is referred to as torsional strain.

112
Q

What kind of energy change is this?

A

Torsional strain

113
Q

What can be observed from this diagram?

A

The eclipsed conformations are approximately
12.6 kJ (3.0 kcal)/mol higher in energy than the staggered conformations.

114
Q
A
115
Q
A
116
Q
A
117
Q
A
118
Q

Gauche or anti?

A

Gauche

119
Q

Define: torsional strain

A

Torsional strain (also called eclipsed-interaction strain) arises when nonbonded atoms separated by three bonds are forced from a staggered conformation to an eclipsed conformation.

120
Q

Name

A

1,2-dichloroethane

121
Q

Define: single ring strain

A

exists in ring sizes below six A strain associated with ring carbons and is due to the C-C-C-C bond angles not being able to achieve the optimal sizes below six that arises from the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°

122
Q

true or false:
Because the decrease in torsional strain is greater than the increase in angle strain, puckered cyclobutane is more stable than planar cyclobutane.

A

Because the decrease in torsional strain is greater than the increase in angle strain, puckered cyclobutane is more stable than planar cyclobutane.

123
Q

Define: chair conformation

A
124
Q

Define

A
125
Q

Define

A
126
Q

Why is there little strain in the chair conformation of cyclohexane?

A

In this conformation, all C-C-C bond angles are 110.9° (minimizing angle strain) and all hydrogens on adjacent carbons are staggered with respect to one another (minimizing torsional strain). In addition, no two atoms are close enough to each other for nonbonded interaction strain to exist. Thus, there is little strain in a chair conformation of cyclohexane.

127
Q
A
128
Q

Boat or chair conformation?

A

Chair

129
Q

Boat or chair conformation?

A

Boat

130
Q

Define

A
131
Q

Define

A
132
Q

Define

A
133
Q

Name

A
134
Q

Name

A
135
Q

Why are cis isomers less stable (more energy) than trans isomers?

A

The cis isomer is approximately 7.1 kJ (1.7 kcal)/mol higher in energy (less stable) than the trans isomer because of the steric strain of the methyl groups on adjacent carbons in the cis isomer.

136
Q

Define: stereocenter

A
137
Q

Name

A
138
Q

Name

A
139
Q

Name

A
140
Q

Name

A
141
Q

Are alkanes polar or non-polar compounds?

A

Non polar compounds. C-H bonds only have a difference of 0.4 electronegativity

142
Q

The most important property of alkanes and cycloalkanes?

A

The most important property of alkanes and cycloalkanes is their almost complete lack of polarity

143
Q

What is the weakest intermolecular force?

A

Dispersion forces

144
Q

Alkanes containing 1 to 4 carbons are ____ at room temperature?

A

Gases

145
Q
A
146
Q

What is the most economically important reaction of alkanes?

A

The oxidation of alkanes by O2 to give carbon dioxide and water

147
Q

Define: heat of combustion

A

The heat of combustion is the energy of products minus the energy of the reactants

148
Q

As branching increases, does heat of combustion increase or decrease?

does stability increase or decrease?

A

As branching increases, heat of combustion decreases and stability increases

149
Q

What are the three major sources of alkanes throughout the world?

A

The fossil fuels: natural gas, petroleum, and coal

150
Q

Define Cracking

A

Cracking is a process whereby a saturated hydrocarbon is converted into an unsaturated hydrocarbon plus H2.

151
Q

_____ is a thick, viscous liquid mixture of thousands of compounds, most of them hydrocarbons, formed from the decomposition of marine plants and animals.

A

Petroleum

152
Q

What is this process?

A

Catalytic reforming

153
Q
A

A - Organic Chemistry - Chamberland (5 decks)

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