Alkanes

Question 1

Saturated

Answer 1

Single bonds
Sp3 hybridization
Max num of H atoms in molecules

Question 2

Crude oil

Answer 2

Complex mix of hydrocarbons: Arkansas and cycloalkanes

Question 3

Cycloalkanes

Answer 3

Saturated

Ring of +3 C

Question 4

Fractional distillation

Answer 4

Separates wide range of different hydrocarbons into fractions using boiling points
Lower Mrs, more volatile
Lower boiling points near the top

Question 5

Alkanes reactivity

Answer 5

Unreactive and non-polar
Not attacked by nucleo or electrophiles
Difference in electronegativity between C and H
No partial + charges on any C to attract nucleo
No areas of high electron density to attract electro
Combustion and Substitution

Question 6

Combustion of alkanes formula

Answer 6

CxHy + (x + y/4)O2 = xCO2 + (y/2)H2O

Question 7

Dangers of CO

Answer 7

Limited supply of O results in partial oxidation to CO a colourless gas
Bonds with haemoglobin, blood can no longer bond to oxygen and cannot transport it
Poisoning you and killing you

Question 8

NItrogen oxides

Answer 8

Acid rain

N2 + O2 = 2NO

Question 9

Catalytic converters

Answer 9

Redox reaction with volatile organic compounds
Ox of CO to CO2 and Red NO to N2
2CO + 2NO = 2CO2 +N2

Question 10

Free Radical Substitution reaction

Answer 10

Halogens in sunlight
Hydrogen replaced by halogen
Initiation: halogens into radicals
Propagation: attack alkane and an alkyl is freed
Alkyl attacks halogen molecule and halogen radical is formed
Termination: halogen radical bonds with alkyl radical