Alkanes Flashcards
Saturated
Single bonds
Sp3 hybridization
Max num of H atoms in molecules
Crude oil
Complex mix of hydrocarbons: Arkansas and cycloalkanes
Cycloalkanes
Saturated
Ring of +3 C
Fractional distillation
Separates wide range of different hydrocarbons into fractions using boiling points
Lower Mrs, more volatile
Lower boiling points near the top
Alkanes reactivity
Unreactive and non-polar
Not attacked by nucleo or electrophiles
Difference in electronegativity between C and H
No partial + charges on any C to attract nucleo
No areas of high electron density to attract electro
Combustion and Substitution
Combustion of alkanes formula
CxHy + (x + y/4)O2 = xCO2 + (y/2)H2O
Dangers of CO
Limited supply of O results in partial oxidation to CO a colourless gas
Bonds with haemoglobin, blood can no longer bond to oxygen and cannot transport it
Poisoning you and killing you
NItrogen oxides
Acid rain
N2 + O2 = 2NO
Catalytic converters
Redox reaction with volatile organic compounds
Ox of CO to CO2 and Red NO to N2
2CO + 2NO = 2CO2 +N2
Free Radical Substitution reaction
Halogens in sunlight
Hydrogen replaced by halogen
Initiation: halogens into radicals
Propagation: attack alkane and an alkyl is freed
Alkyl attacks halogen molecule and halogen radical is formed
Termination: halogen radical bonds with alkyl radical