alkanes

Question 1

how is crude oil formed

Answer 1

• formed over millions of years from remains of plankton
• layers of mud cover this
• finite resource
• ONLY IF THERE IS HIGH TEMP AND PRESSURE WITH NO O2

Question 2

the larger the hydrocarbon:

Answer 2

• the more viscous it is (the more easily it flows)
• the higher its boiling point
• the less volatile it is
• the less easily it ignites

Question 3

how can crude oil be separated

Answer 3

fractional distillation

Question 4

method for crude oil being separated (not req.prac)

Answer 4

• crude oil is heated until it evaporates
• vapour moves up the fractionating column
• BOTTOM IS HOTTER THAN TOP (think of hell being at the bottom so hot)
• shorter hydrocarbons molecules can reach the top of fractionating column before they CONDENSE AND ARE COLLECTED
• longer hydrocarbons condense at higher temperatures are are collected lower down

Question 5

alkanes contain

Answer 5

SINGLE BONDS and are described as SATURATED hydrocarbons

-fairly unreactive but burn well

Question 6

formula for alkanes

Answer 6

CnH2n+2

Question 7

during the combustion (burning) of hydrocarbon fuels:

Answer 7

• carbon and hydrogen are oxidised
• energy is released
• waste products are produced which are released into the atmosphere

Question 8

what causes global dimming

Answer 8

particulates which can damages people’s lungs