Alkanes Flashcards
Why can carbon form so many compounds
- can form 4 covalent bonds
- can form single, double or triple bonds
- can bond to other carbon atoms to form long chains
Definition of aliphatic
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings.
Definition of alicyclic
An aliphatic compound arranges in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains
Definition of aromatic
A compound containing a benzene ring
Definition of saturated
Single carbon-carbon bonds only
Definition of unsaturated
The presence of one or more carbon double bond
Definition of homologous series
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2.
Definition of a functional group
The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions.
General formula of alkanes
CxH2x+2
Names of alkanes
1 carbon- methane 2 carbons- ethane 3 carbons- propane 4 carbons- butane 5 carbons- pentane 6 carbons- hexane 7 carbons- heptane 8 carbons- octane 9 carbons- nonane 10 carbons- decane
Draw cyclopentane using molecular, structural, displayed and skeletal formulas
Check page 12 of study pack
Naming alcohols
Contain suffix-ol
Always count from end which will give alcohol lowest number
use di, tri as well for more than 1 alcohol
Naming alkanes with side chains
methyl group- CH3
ethyl group- CH2CH3
Write at beginning of name e.g 3-methylpropane
Definition of general formula
Simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
Definition of structural formula
The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule