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CHEMISTRY > ALKANES > Flashcards

ALKANES Flashcards

1
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons, whose atom are arranged in an open chain. linear branched (acyclic).

simpliest and least reactive hydrocarbon

A

Alkane

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2
Q

general formula of alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

first family in the alkanes

A

Methane (CH4) and Ethane (C2H6)

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4
Q

alkanes with one or more alkyl group

A

Branched-chain alkanes

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5
Q

general formula for branched alkanes

A

CnH2n+1

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6
Q

an atom or group of atoms that took the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbons molecule.

A

Substituent

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7
Q

longest continuous chain of branched-chain hydrocarbons.

A

Parent alkane

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8
Q

Hydrocarbons who are joined together to form a saturated ring.

A

Cycloalkane

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9
Q

Most abundant cycloalkane

A

Cyclopentane and cyclohexane

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10
Q

formula for Cycloalkane

A

CnH2n

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11
Q

A system on which most organic chemists have agreed to provide guidelines to allow them to learn from each other’s works

A

IUPAC (International union of pure and applied chemistry) Nomenclature

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12
Q

provides a foundation of language for organic chemistry.

A

Nomenclature

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13
Q

indicated the number or carbon atom in the chain

A

prefix

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14
Q

shows the compound is a saturated hydrocarbon

A

Suffix-ane

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15
Q

A+B —> A-B

A

Synthesis

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16
Q

A-B —–> A+B

A

Decomposition

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17
Q

A-B+C —> A-C+B

A

Single replacement

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18
Q

A-B+C-D —> A-D=C-D

A

Double replacement

19
Q

the temperature at which a given solid will melt and a liquid boils and turns to vapor

A

Melting point

20
Q

The ability to be dissolved especially in water

A

Solubility

21
Q

the degree of compactness of a substance

A

Density

22
Q

have higher boiling points than the other counterparts with the same number of carbon atoms

A

Cyclicalkanes

23
Q

lowers the boiling of the alkane

A

Branching carbon chain

24
Q

increase if there is an increase in the number of carbon atom in length or ring size.

A

Boiling point

25
Q

occur to a halogen with alkane in the presence of ultraviolet light (UV) and it leads to the formation of a haloalkane which we call alkyl halide

A

Halogenations of Alkanes

26
Q

A substituent group derived by the removal of a hydrogen atom from an alkane is called

A

alkyl group

27
Q

tells the nature of the carbon-carbon bonds in the parent chain

A

infix

28
Q

used as fuel and in heat generating products

A

methane, ethane, propane and butane

29
Q

insoluble in water for they are nonpolar as water is a polar molecule.

A

cycloalkane and alkane

30
Q

have higher boiling points,
melting points and higher densities due to the greater number of London forces that they contain.

A

Cycloalkanes

31
Q

used in consumer products such as paint and varnish remover

A

cyclohexane

32
Q

hydrogenation is less likely to occur.

A

Cycloalkanes with 6 or more carbons

33
Q

has the ability to react in the dark where addition reaction occurs which causes the ring to break

A

Cyclopropane

34
Q

an example of a substitution reaction

A

Halogenation

35
Q

CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

A

Complete combustion

36
Q

2CH₄ + 3O₂ → 2CO + 4H₂O

A

Incomplete combustion

37
Q
  • happens when oxygen has a plentiful supply
  • carbon and hydrogen atoms react with oxygen in an exothermic reaction
  • carbon dioxide and water are produced
  • maximum energy is given out
A

Complete Combustion

38
Q

-happens when oxygen only has a limited supply
- impure carbon particles (soot), carbon monoxide, and water are produced
- less energy is released

A

Incomplete combustion

39
Q

Densities of alkanes and cycloalkanes

A

from 0.6 – 0.8 g/mL (water density at 4°C = 1.0 g/mL)

40
Q

in non-polar
solvent such as
toluene, benzene,
carbon tetrachloride,
chloroform, and other
hydrocarbons

A

soluble

41
Q
  • Less energy is required to separate molecules
    from one another. Resulting in a lower boiling
    point.
A

Branched chain

42
Q

More energy required to separate molecules from one another resulting in a higher boiling
point.

A

Straight chain

43
Q

Stronger van der Waals
force of attraction

A

Straight chain

44
Q

have
weaker van der Waals
force of attraction

A

Branched chain

CHEMISTRY (5 decks)

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