alkanes Flashcards
what does alkanes contain?
it contains only C-H & C-C single covalent bonds
what is saturated hydrocarbons?
it only contains single bond between carbon and other atoms
what is unsaturated hydrocarbons?
contains double bonds between carbon and other atoms
what is the general formula for alkanes?
2n + 2
what is the chemical/molecular formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
what are the physical properties of alkanes?
- insoluble in water
- increasing in molar mass -> increasing intermolecular forces -> increasing b.p/m.p
- molecular weight increases down the series
what are the chemical properties of alkanes?
- strong single covalent bonds
- no reaction with acid or alkali
what are the 2 types of reaction that alkanes undergoes?
combustion and substituition
what is combustion?
burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water
what is substituition?
one or more atoms of organic compound are replaced by one or more other atoms
what does alkanes undergo substituition with?
chlorine in the presence of sunlight due to having strong covalent bonds
what does the halogen acts as in substituition and what does it do?
It acts as a reagent and it substitutes the hydrogen
how can the proportion of mixture be controlled?
by controlling the amount of reagent used
what is isomerism?
different physical properties but similar chemical properties
