alkane

Question 1

all alkanes are characterized by genral formula

Answer 1

CnH2n+2

Question 2

alkanes are partially inactive GR

Answer 2

because carbon atoms in alkanes are linked together by strong sigma bond which it difficult to broken

Question 3

each compound exceeds the previous one by

Answer 3

methylene group (-CH2)

note it is alkene

Question 4

all members of these group ended by suffix

Answer 4

(ane)

Question 5

the prefix of the name indicaes …..

and by

Answer 5

1. the number of carbon atoms
2. number in latine

Question 6

alkanes form ………series

Answer 6

homologous series

Question 7

diff Homologous series

Answer 7

i is he group of compounds ha having he same general molecular formula chemical properties and graduated phsical properties and each compound increases by mehlene group

Question 8

what meant by alkyl radicaL

Answer 8

it is an organic atomic group which does not found alone it is derived from the corresponding alkane by removing one hydrogen atom

Question 9

alkyl radicals are given the symbol

Answer 9

–R

Question 10

the general formula of alkyl radical is

Answer 10

1. C_nH_n-1

Question 11

the name of alkyl radicles is derives from the corresponding alkane HOW

Answer 11

by replacing the suffix ( ane ) by (Yl)

Question 12

Nomenclature of alkanes

Answer 12

1. the name of the hydrocarbon is determined according to the longest continuous chain which may be linear or straight chainand the name depends upon the Number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain by adding to the suffix (ane)
2. the carbon atoms are given numbers in the longest chain starting by the side which is nearer to the side group bransh the nomenclature begins by the number of the carbon atom which carries the side group (branch) , and ending by the name of the alkanes (root)
3. if the side group is repeated in the hdrocarbonchain we uses Di or TRi OR tetra - to indicate the number of repetition
4. if the branch is a (–ve) group such as Cl or NO2 he name of this group is ended b the leter ) so we say chloro , bromo iodo
5. if he side bgroup are different alkyl group and halgogens he group are arranged according o heir alphabrical latin names after numbering from he end that giving he branches he leas possible summtaion

Question 13

الترقيم

Answer 13

1. Branch من الناحية الاقرب لل
2. من الناحية الاكثر ازدححما
3. arrange alph من ناحية

Question 14

considred as a simple orgainic compound

scintific term

Answer 14

methane

Question 15

methane form about ……… % of natural gas

Answer 15

90

Question 16

we found methane in ……. and

may be exposed as a resulet of llumination

Answer 16

coll mines

……

Question 17

we can found methane gas in atmosperic air by ratio …….

Answer 17

0.00022%

Question 18

methane sometimes called the gas of swamps GR

Answer 18

because it goes out as bubbles from the bottom of these swamps as result of decaying of the organic matters

Question 19

soda lime is mixture of

Answer 19

1. Naoh
2. cao as a catalyst

Question 20

preapre methane by drawing

Answer 20

page 15

Question 21

what is the rule of calcium oxide in preparation of methane GR

Answer 21

decreases the melting point of mixture

Question 22

air should be expelled from the apparatus of preparation GR

Answer 22

because the mixture of methane and air burn by explstion

Question 23

what is the scientific base of prepration alkane

Answer 23

dry destlation of sodium salt of organic acids with soda lime give alkane less by one carbon atom

Question 24

sodium salt of organic acid prepared by ……………….of acid with ………..

Answer 24

1. neutralization
2. sodium hydroxide

Question 25

how to prepare sodium acetate or sodium ethanoate

Answer 25

CH₃–COOH + NaoH →H→CH₃–COONa + H₂O

Question 26

HOW to prepare methane from erhanoic

Answer 26

CH₃- COONa + NaoH →CaO→ CH₄ + Na₂CO₃

Question 27

HOW TO preapre ethane fromm organic acid

Answer 27

1. CH3–COOH + NaoH →H→CH3–COONa + H2O
2. CH3- COONa + NaoH →CaO→ CH4 + Na2CO3

Question 28

how many memeber are gases at normal tempretre in alkane familey

Answer 28

the first four members

Question 29

methan can be used as

Answer 29

a fuel in house

Question 30

the mixture of propane and butane filed and used

Answer 30

is filed in clinders and used as a fuel (oven gas)

Question 31

the raio of propane is more in cold counries while in warm counries the cylinders contain larger ratio of butane GR

Answer 31

because propane more volatile ( less boling point ) than butane

Question 32

alkanes from 5 - 17 carbon atoms are …….. and guve an example and used of this example

Answer 32

liquids

gasoline and kerosene which are used as liquid fuel

Question 33

the compounds which contain more than 17 carcon atoms are ……… and give me an example

Answer 33

solids

paraffin wax

Question 34

density increases in organic compounds by increasing ……..

Answer 34

of carbon atoms

Question 35

organic compounds polar or non polar and whts mean by two

Answer 35

non polar

polar mean that it is soiuble in inorganic solvents like water

non polar mean that it is insoiuble in inorganic solvents like water

Question 36

alkanes are used as a fuel GR

Answer 36

because all alkanes burn giving water vapor and carbon dioxide through exothermic reactions

CH_4g + 2O_2g →H→ CO₂ + 2H₂O + energy

Question 37

alkanes are reacting with halogens by heating up to …… or in prence of ……. in series of ……. reactions and the product cdepends up on ratio between …… and …… in reactiuo mixture

and give an example

Answer 37

1. 400^oC
2. ultra violet ray
3. substitution
4. metahne
5. halogen

• CH₄ + Cl₂ →UV→ CH₃ - Cl + HCl

Question 38

chloroform` , halothane , 1.1.1 trichloro ethane and freon

structural fourmla and uses

Answer 38

CHCl₃ ⇒ Anesthetic subctance

⇒ Anesthetic subctance instead of chloroform

⇒ in the dry cleaning

⇒air condation and fridges ⇔ ruched substance to liquid and perfumes ⇔ cleaner of electrpnic sets

Question 39

the uses of chloroform as anesthetic substance stopped GR

Answer 39

because overdose causes death

Question 40

freon is used by large quantities GR

Answer 40

because itis

1. cheap
2. easily to be liquedies
3. non poisonous
4. non corrosive for metals

Question 41

there is an international agreement to prevent freon starting in 2020 GR

Answer 41

because it cause the decay of the ozone layer which protect the earth against harmful effect od ultra violet rays

Question 42

catalytic