Aliphatic synthetic routes Flashcards by elliot marsh | Brainscape

Q

Alkane —> Haloalkane

A

Radical substitution
Halogen/UV light

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Q

Haloalkane —> Amine

A

NH3 / ethanol
NaOH(aq)

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Q

Haloalkane —> Nitrile

A

Nucleophilic substitution
NaCN (CN-) / ethanol

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Q

Haloalkane —> Alcohol

A

Hydrolysis
NaOH(aq), Reflux

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Q

Nitrile —> Carboxylic acid

A

Acid hydrolysis
HCl / H2O, heat

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Q

Alkene —> Alkane

A

Addition
H2 / Ni catalyst, 150 celsius

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Q

Alkene —> Haloalkane

A

Hydrogen halide

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Q

Alkene —> Alcohol

A

Steam / H3PO4 catalyst

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Q

Alcohol —> Haloalkane

A

Sodium halide / H2SO4, reflux

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Q

Alcohol —> Alkene

A

Elimination
Conc. H2SO4 or H3PO4, heat under reflux

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Q

Secondary alcohol —> Ketone

A

Oxidation
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4, Reflux

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Q

Primary alcohol —> Aldehyde

A

Oxidation
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4, Distil

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Q

Primary alcohol —> Carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4, Reflux

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Q

Ketone —> Secondary alcohol

A

Reduction
NaBH4 / H2O

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Q

Ketone —> Hydroxynitrile

A

Nucleophilic addition
NaCN / H+ (H2SO4)

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Q

Aldehyde —> Primary alcohol

A

Reduction, Nucleophilic addition
NaBH4 / H2O

Q

Aldehyde —> Hydroxynitrile

A

Nucleophilic addition
NaCN / H+ (H2SO4)

Q

Aldehyde —> Carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4, Reflux

Q

Carboxylic acid —> Acyl chloride

A

SOCl2

Q

Carboxylic acid —> Ester

A

Esterification
Alcohol / H2SO4, warm

Q

Acyl chloride —> Secondary amide

A

Primary amide

Q

Acyl chloride —> primary amide

A

NH3

Q

Acyl chloride —> Ester

A

Esterification
Alcohol

Q

Ester —> Carboxylic acid

A

Acid Hydrolysis
dil. acid / H2O, heat under reflux

Q

Ester —> Sodium salt of carboxylic acid + alcohol

A

Alkaline hydrolysis
NaOH / H2O, heat under reflux

Q

Acid anhydride —> Ester

A

Esterification
Alcohol

Q

Nitrile —> Amine

A

Reduction
H2 / Ni

Q

Acyl chloride —> Carboxylic acid

A

H2O