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Year 1 LSS 2 > Alimentary System 2 > Flashcards

Alimentary System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Secondary bile acids are produced by the action of intestinal bacteria.
B. Bile is a major path for the excretion of haem-containing molecules
C. 95% of secreted bile salts are reabsorbed in the colon
D. The amphipathic properties of bile salts help to emulsify lipids.
E. Jaundice is a symptom of obstructive cholestasis.

A

C. 95% of secreted bile salts are reabsorbed in the colon

They are reabsorbed in the terminal ileum.

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2
Q

Which one of the following statements is true?

A. The blood supply to the liver is 15% of resting CO
B. 50% of the blood to the liver is supplied by the hepatic artery
C. Hepatic stellate cells are fixed phagocytes
D. The majority of blood clotting factors are synthesised in the liver.
E. Bile canaliculi travel with the central veins of hepatic lobules

A

D. The majority of blood clotting factors are synthesised in the liver.

A = FALSE - Closer to 25%. 
B = FALSE - Only 20%. 
C = FALSE - Vitamin A storage cells; Kupffer cells are the fixed phagocytes.
E = FALSE - They travel with branches of the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein.
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3
Q

Which of the following is not involved in the GI immune system?

A. Tight junctions between cells
B. Defensins secreted by M-cells 
C. Regulatory T-cells 
D. Dimeric IgA at mucosal surfaces
E. Follicle associated epithelium
A

B. Defensins secreted by M-cells

Secreted by Paneth cells

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4
Q

Which of the following statements regarding liver failure is incorrect?

A. Hyperacute liver failure has a short (< 7 day) period between jaundice and encephalopathy.
B. Acute liver failure may lead to a fall in serum glucose.
C. Acute liver failure may lead to cerebral oedema.
D. The Child-Pugh grading system is used to assess the degree of encephalopathy.
E. Chronic liver failure may lead to peripheral oedema

A

D. The Child-Pugh grading system is used to assess the degree of encephalopathy.

Encephalopathy is a factor used in the calculation of the Child-Pugh score, used to assess hepatic function in cirrhosis (chronic liver failure).

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5
Q

The pH of the bicarbonate produced by the pancreas is:

A. 7-7.5
B. 7.5
C. 7.5-8
D. 8
E. 8-8.5
A

C. 7.5-8

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6
Q

The most sensitive test of pancreas exocrine function is:

A. Secretin test
B. Serum trypsinogen
C. Faecal chymotrypsin
D. Urinary p-aminobenzoic acid

A

A. Secretin test

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7
Q

What is the main CNS region directly regulating appetite?

A. Medulla
B. Midbrain
C. Hypothalamus
D. Pituitary gland
E. Brain stem
F. Amygdala
A

C. Hypothalamus

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8
Q

In which layer of the GI tract is the lamina propria?

A. Serosa
B. Muscularis externa
C. Submucosa
D. Mucosa
E. Meissner’s plexus
A

D. Mucosa

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9
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Most of the antral contractions in the stomach are retrograde
B. The proximal stomach is electrically active
C. The pacemaker in the stomach contains Interstitial Cells of Cajal
D. The peristaltic contraction in the antrum is at a rate of 3 per minute
E. The fundus expands to accommodate a meal

A

B. The proximal stomach is electrically active

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT a feature of Ulcerative Colitis?

A. Usually involves colon only
B. Always involves rectum
C. Increased risk of granulomas
D. Male incidence =cfemale incidence
E. Strictures are rare
A

C. Increased risk of granulomas

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11
Q

What is the main CNS region directly regulating appetite?

A. Medulla
B. Midbrain
C. Hypothalamus
D. Pituitary gland
E. Brain stem
F. Amygdala
A

C. Hypothalamus

In particular the arcuate nucleus or indifundibular nucleus

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12
Q

Which of the following is NOT used to treat IBD?

A. pANCA
B. Azathioprine
C. Infliximab
D. 6 MP
E. Methotrexate
A

A. pANCA

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13
Q

Which of the following disorders relates to an increased tone of the lower oesophageal sphincter?

A. Achalasia
B. Gastroparesis
C. GORD
D. IBD
E. Hiatus Hernia
A

A. Achalasia

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14
Q

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The stomach is lined by stratified columnar epithelium
B. Simple glands in the stomach secrete into pits
C. The stomach lining contains crypts
D. The stomach epithelial cells have microvilli
E. There are 2 layers of smooth muscle in the stomach

A

B. Simple glands in the stomach secrete into pits

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15
Q

Which of these drugs is used to treat excess gastric acid secretion?

A. Thiazole
B. Pyrazole
C. Omeprazole
D. Oxazole
E. Carbimazole
A

C. Omeprazole

Proton pump inhibitor

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16
Q

Somatostatin is secreted in the stomach by:

A. G-cells in gastric pit
B. Parietal cells in fundus
C. Chief cells in antrum
D. D cells in gastric body
E. D cells in gastric antrum
A

E. D cells in gastric antrum

17
Q

Which of the following do Enterochromaffin-like cells in the stomach release in response to a food bolus?

A. Histamine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Intrinsic Factor
D. Amylase
E. Gastrin
A

A. Histamine

18
Q

Which one of these genes is associated with Hereditary Pancreatitis?

A. PRSS-1
B. NOD2
C. HLA
D. MSH2
E. MLH1
A

A. PRSS-1

19
Q

Which of the following type of tumour is NOT normally associated with deregulation of the Hedgehog signalling pathway?

A. Biliary
B. Gastric
C. Oesophageal
D. Colonic
E. Pancreatic
A

D. Colonic

20
Q

Which of these hormones secreted by the GI tract is known as the ‘universal inhibitor’?

A. Gastrin
B. Glucagon
C. Insulin
D. Somatostatin
E. Cholecystokinin
A

D. Somatostatin

21
Q

Which of the following digestive enzymes is secreted in ACTIVE form by the pancreas?

A. Amylase
B. Trypsin
C. Lipase
D. Colipase
E. Pepsin
A

C. Lipase

Year 1 LSS 2 (4 decks)

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