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ALIMENTARY CANAL (GIT) Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the alimentary canal/GIT (6)

A

mouth –> pharynx –> esophagus –> Stomach –> small intestine –> large intestine

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2
Q

This is the lateral wall of the buccal cavity

A

cheeks

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3
Q

Roof of the buccal cavity

A

hard and soft palette

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4
Q

Where is the soft palette seen?

A

in the post roof of the buccal cavity

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5
Q

Where is the hard palette seen?

A

in the ant roof of the buccal cavity

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6
Q

The pharynx is subdivided into 3 parts, what are these parts?

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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7
Q

This part of the larynx is responsible for respiration and digestion (2)

A

laryngopharynx and oropharynx

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8
Q

This part of the pharynx is for respiration only

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

It is also known as the act of swallowing (mouth to stomach)

A

deglutition

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10
Q

Pharynx is also known as

A

throat

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11
Q

What happens in the voluntary stage of deglutition?

A

passageway of bolus to oropharynx

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12
Q

This stage is where bolus is @ esophagus

A

esophageal stage

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13
Q

This is the fastest stage of deglutition

A

pharyngeal stage

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14
Q

The bolus is now @ the oropharynx

A

pharyngeal stage

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15
Q

What are the deglutition centers?

A

lower pons and medulla

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16
Q

What happens during closing of nasopharynx?

A

uvula and soft palette moves superiorly resulting to 2-3s breathing interruption

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17
Q

What happens during opening of esophagus

A

epiglottis moves backward and downward; larynx moves forward and upward

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18
Q

What are the stages of deglutition

A

esophageal, pharyngeal, and voluntary stage

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19
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal stage

A

closing of nasopharynx and opening esophagus

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20
Q

Vertebral landmark of the esophagus

A

C6-T10

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21
Q

What is the ACh receptors found in the smooth muscles

A

muscarinic receptors

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21
Q

This is a 25cm long that is compose of smooth muscles

A

Esophagus

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22
Q

TRUE or FALSE, the esophagus has digestive enzymes, allows absorption, and serves as a passageway of bolus

A

FALSE: (-) digestive enzymes and absorption

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23
Q

What is the function of the esophagus

A

ONLY serves as a PASSAGEWAY of bolus

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24
Lower esophageal sphincter is also known as?
cardioesophageal sphincter
25
What are the 2 sphincters of the esophagus
upper and lower esophageal sphincter
26
This sphincter of the esophagus is commonly related to GERD which triggers heartburn
cardioesophageal sphincter or Lower esophageal sphincter
27
inability of the lower sphincter to close may result to what condition
GERD
28
This is a C/J shape organ hat is responsible for food storage
stomach
29
This is the pharmacological intervention done when GERD is encountered
antacids
30
Match the following relative to the anatomic parts of the stomach Cardia: (1)_____ (2)_______: broad portion (3)_______: middle portion Pylorus:_________(4)
1. Cardia 2. fundus 3. Body 4. terminal portion
31
How much in the capacity of the stomach for food storage
4L
32
What are the 2 glands seen in the stomach?
Gastric gland and pyloric gland
33
These are the cells found in the gastric gland (3)
mucus neck cell, chief cell, parietal cell
34
These is the cell found in the pyloric gland
G cell
35
This is the protein digesting enzyme found in the stomach
pepsinogen --> pepsin
36
Cell responsible for producing pepsinogen in the stomach
chief cells
37
Cell responsible for producing mucus in the stomach
mucus neck cell
38
Cell responsible for producing intrinsic factor and HCl acid
parietal cell
39
What is an intrinsic factor?
an intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in reabsorption of vit b12
40
What is the role of HCl acid
it activates pepsinogen --> pepsin
41
What is the condition called when there is an absent or decrease or inability to absorb vitamin B in ileum
pernicious anemia
42
Where does reabsorption of Vit B happens
in the ileum
43
What is the N amout of gastric juice in our body?
2,000mL - 3,000mL
44
G cell is responsible for producing what hormone?
Gastrin
45
This gland is responsible for growth, maturation & DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRIC GLAND and STIMULATES GASTRIC ACID SECRETION
Pyloric gland
46
Too much HCl acid may result to what symptom
Heart burn
47
This hormone is responsible for stimulation of gastric acid secretion
gastrin
48
This cell is responsible for stimulation of gastric acid secretion
G cell
49
This is a hormone found in the pyloric gland that acts as a turn off faucet to inhibit rapid production of gastrin or reduces gastric secretion
somatostatin
50
This is also known as the longest alimentary canal c ~22-25ft long or 20-25m
Small intestine
51
What is the function of the small intestine?
for digestion and absrption
52
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
● duodenum ● jejunum ● ileum
53
food that has been mixed with gastric juice
chyme
54
food that has been mixed with saliva
bolus
55
What is the sphincter seen at the terminal portion of the stomach?
pyloric sphincter
56
Reflex found in the small intestine
enterogastric reflex
57
What is this reflex which results to tightening of pyloric sphincter (to properly digest the initial set of chyme in the duodenum; stretched duodenal wall activates small intestine to produce hormones)
(+) enterogastric reflex
58
This is the hormone responsible for stimulating the liver and pancreas
secretin
59
This is the hormone responsible for relaxation of sphincter of ODI and contraction of gallbladder
cholecystokinin
60
the amount N of released chyme
2-3tsp
61
How long does the chyme travel in the intestine
3-6hrs
62
_____ happens when chyme is mixed with pancreatic juices
digestion
63
This is the largest alimentary canal
large intestine
64
TRUE or FALSE: Haustral churning or contraction is a type of peristaltic contraction happening in the small intestine
FALSE: Large intestine
65
What is haustra?
fermentation of stool
66
This is responsible for the color of the stool
stercobillin
67
How long is undigested food (stool) stays inside large intestine
72 hrs
68
This is the Gas seen in the large intestine with an amount of 500mL
Methane
69
Defecation reflex results to
the rectum being stretched
70
What are the parts of the large intestine
cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal, anus
71
This is the part of the colon that is most likely to be prone to colon distention
sigmoid colon
72
This is a congenital colon affecting mostly the male population affecting the sigmoid colon resulting to distention
Hirschsprung Disease

RENAL AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (2 decks)

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