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RENAL AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > ALIMENTARY CANAL (GIT) > Flashcards

ALIMENTARY CANAL (GIT) Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the alimentary canal/GIT (6)

A

mouth –> pharynx –> esophagus –> Stomach –> small intestine –> large intestine

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2
Q

This is the lateral wall of the buccal cavity

A

cheeks

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3
Q

Roof of the buccal cavity

A

hard and soft palette

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4
Q

Where is the soft palette seen?

A

in the post roof of the buccal cavity

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5
Q

Where is the hard palette seen?

A

in the ant roof of the buccal cavity

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6
Q

The pharynx is subdivided into 3 parts, what are these parts?

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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7
Q

This part of the larynx is responsible for respiration and digestion (2)

A

laryngopharynx and oropharynx

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8
Q

This part of the pharynx is for respiration only

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

It is also known as the act of swallowing (mouth to stomach)

A

deglutition

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10
Q

Pharynx is also known as

A

throat

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11
Q

What happens in the voluntary stage of deglutition?

A

passageway of bolus to oropharynx

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12
Q

This stage is where bolus is @ esophagus

A

esophageal stage

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13
Q

This is the fastest stage of deglutition

A

pharyngeal stage

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14
Q

The bolus is now @ the oropharynx

A

pharyngeal stage

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15
Q

What are the deglutition centers?

A

lower pons and medulla

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16
Q

What happens during closing of nasopharynx?

A

uvula and soft palette moves superiorly resulting to 2-3s breathing interruption

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17
Q

What happens during opening of esophagus

A

epiglottis moves backward and downward; larynx moves forward and upward

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18
Q

What are the stages of deglutition

A

esophageal, pharyngeal, and voluntary stage

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19
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal stage

A

closing of nasopharynx and opening esophagus

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20
Q

Vertebral landmark of the esophagus

A

C6-T10

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21
Q

What is the ACh receptors found in the smooth muscles

A

muscarinic receptors

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21
Q

This is a 25cm long that is compose of smooth muscles

A

Esophagus

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22
Q

TRUE or FALSE, the esophagus has digestive enzymes, allows absorption, and serves as a passageway of bolus

A

FALSE: (-) digestive enzymes and absorption

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23
Q

What is the function of the esophagus

A

ONLY serves as a PASSAGEWAY of bolus

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24
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter is also known as?

A

cardioesophageal sphincter

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25
Q

What are the 2 sphincters of the esophagus

A

upper and lower esophageal sphincter

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26
Q

This sphincter of the esophagus is commonly related to GERD which triggers heartburn

A

cardioesophageal sphincter or Lower esophageal sphincter

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27
Q

inability of the lower sphincter to close may result to what condition

A

GERD

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28
Q

This is a C/J shape organ hat is responsible for food storage

A

stomach

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29
Q

This is the pharmacological intervention done when GERD is encountered

A

antacids

30
Q

Match the following relative to the anatomic parts of the stomach

Cardia: (1)_____
(2)_______: broad portion
(3)_______: middle portion
Pylorus:_________(4)

A
  1. Cardia
  2. fundus
  3. Body
  4. terminal portion
31
Q

How much in the capacity of the stomach for food storage

A

4L

32
Q

What are the 2 glands seen in the stomach?

A

Gastric gland and pyloric gland

33
Q

These are the cells found in the gastric gland (3)

A

mucus neck cell, chief cell, parietal cell

34
Q

These is the cell found in the pyloric gland

A

G cell

35
Q

This is the protein digesting enzyme found in the stomach

A

pepsinogen –> pepsin

36
Q

Cell responsible for producing pepsinogen in the stomach

A

chief cells

37
Q

Cell responsible for producing mucus in the stomach

A

mucus neck cell

38
Q

Cell responsible for producing intrinsic factor and HCl acid

A

parietal cell

39
Q

What is an intrinsic factor?

A

an intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in reabsorption of vit b12

40
Q

What is the role of HCl acid

A

it activates pepsinogen –> pepsin

41
Q

What is the condition called when there is an absent or decrease or inability to absorb vitamin B in ileum

A

pernicious anemia

42
Q

Where does reabsorption of Vit B happens

A

in the ileum

43
Q

What is the N amout of gastric juice in our body?

A

2,000mL - 3,000mL

44
Q

G cell is responsible for producing what hormone?

A

Gastrin

45
Q

This gland is responsible for growth, maturation &
DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRIC GLAND and
STIMULATES GASTRIC ACID SECRETION

A

Pyloric gland

46
Q

Too much HCl acid may result to what symptom

A

Heart burn

47
Q

This hormone is responsible for stimulation of gastric acid secretion

A

gastrin

48
Q

This cell is responsible for stimulation of gastric acid secretion

A

G cell

49
Q

This is a hormone found in the pyloric gland that acts as a turn off faucet to inhibit rapid production of gastrin or reduces gastric secretion

A

somatostatin

50
Q

This is also known as the longest alimentary canal c ~22-25ft long or 20-25m

A

Small intestine

51
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

for digestion and absrption

52
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A

● duodenum
● jejunum
● ileum

53
Q

food that has been mixed with gastric juice

A

chyme

54
Q

food that has been mixed with saliva

A

bolus

55
Q

What is the sphincter seen at the terminal portion of the stomach?

A

pyloric sphincter

56
Q

Reflex found in the small intestine

A

enterogastric reflex

57
Q

What is this reflex which results to tightening of pyloric
sphincter (to properly digest the initial set of
chyme in the duodenum; stretched duodenal
wall activates small intestine to produce
hormones)

A

(+) enterogastric reflex

58
Q

This is the hormone responsible for stimulating the liver and pancreas

A

secretin

59
Q

This is the hormone responsible for relaxation of sphincter of ODI and contraction of gallbladder

A

cholecystokinin

60
Q

the amount N of released chyme

A

2-3tsp

61
Q

How long does the chyme travel in the intestine

A

3-6hrs

62
Q

_____ happens when chyme is mixed with pancreatic juices

A

digestion

63
Q

This is the largest alimentary canal

A

large intestine

64
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Haustral churning or contraction is a type of peristaltic contraction happening in the small intestine

A

FALSE: Large intestine

65
Q

What is haustra?

A

fermentation of stool

66
Q

This is responsible for the color of the stool

A

stercobillin

67
Q

How long is undigested food (stool) stays inside large intestine

A

72 hrs

68
Q

This is the Gas seen in the large intestine with an amount of 500mL

A

Methane

69
Q

Defecation reflex results to

A

the rectum being stretched

70
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine

A

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal, anus

71
Q

This is the part of the colon that is most likely to be prone to colon distention

A

sigmoid colon

72
Q

This is a congenital colon affecting mostly the male population affecting the sigmoid colon resulting to distention

A

Hirschsprung
Disease

RENAL AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (2 decks)

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