Alimentary canal

Question 1

what are the layers of the gut tube?

Answer 1

mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria and musclaris mucosae)
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia/ serosa

Question 2

what type of epithelium is found in the mouth?

Answer 2

stratified squamous

Question 3

what type of epithelium is found in the small intestine?

Answer 3

simple columnar

Question 4

how long is the gut tube?

Answer 4

approx. 8m

Question 5

what is the main functions of the stomach?

Answer 5

storage
sterilisation
reduces foodstuff to liquid form
digestion of proteins

Question 6

what is the main functions of the pancreas?

Answer 6

produces pancreatic juice / digestive enzymes to help breakdown proteins, fats and carbs

Question 7

what is the main functions of the liver?

Answer 7

produce bile salts with aid in digestion and absorb fats from the small intestine

Question 8

what is the main functions of the small intestine?

Answer 8

final parts of chemical digestion and absorption

Question 9

what are the main functions of the large intestine?

Answer 9

water absorbtion
faeces production
bacterial fermentation

Question 10

where in the gut tube is the myenteric plexus found?

Answer 10

between the inner and outer layers of the muscularis externa

Question 11

where in the gut tube is the submucosal plexus found?

Answer 11

within the submucosa

Question 12

what makes up the enteric nervous system?

Answer 12

the myenteric and submucosal plexus’

Question 13

what is the nerve supply of the gut?

Answer 13

parasympathetic = vagus nerve except salivary glands
sympathetic = splanchnic nerve

Question 14

what effect does the splanchnic nerve have on the digestive system?

Answer 14

inhibits
decreases motility and secretion
except in salivation- it increases it

Question 15

what is the nerve supply of the salivary glands?

Answer 15

facial nerve (X)
glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Question 16

what is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 16

stores and concentrates bile

Question 17

what are the 3 pairs of salivary glands?

Answer 17

submandibular
sublingual
parotid

Question 18

what is the difference in the structural wall of the oesophagus and duodenum compared to the rest of the alimentary canal?

Answer 18

the oesophagus and duodenum contain glands in their submucosa

Question 19

what type of epithelium is found in the anal canal?

Answer 19

stratified squamous

Question 20

what the of epithelium is found in the stomach?

Answer 20

simple columnar

Question 21

what type of epithelium is found in the oesophagus?

Answer 21

stratified squamous

Question 22

in the gut tube what is the function of the epithelium in the mucosa?

Answer 22

it synthesises and secrets digestive enzymes, hormones and mucous
absorbs products of digestion

Question 23

what is the submucosa made up of?

Answer 23

thick irregular connective tissue

Question 24

which layers of the gut tube contain neurones?

Answer 24

submucosa and musclaris externa

Question 25

how are the 2 layers of smooth muscle in the musclaris externa arranged and why?

Answer 25

inner layer = circular to constrict the lumen | outer layer = longitudinal to shorten the tube

Question 26

what type of tissue is the lamina propria?

Answer 26

loose connective tissue

Question 27

what type of tissue is the sub mucosa?

Answer 27

thick irregular connective tissue

Question 28

what arrangement is the inner and outer layers of the muscularis externa?

Answer 28

``` inner = circular outer = longitudinal ```

Question 29

where in the alimentary canal would you find serosa?

Answer 29

every organ in the abdominal cavity

Question 30

where in the alimentary canal would you find adventitia?

Answer 30

the oesophagus and anal canal

Question 31

where is the meissners plexus found?

Answer 31

submucosa

Question 32

where is aucherbach plexus found?

Answer 32

musuclaris externa