Alimentary canal Flashcards

1
Q

what are the layers of the gut tube?

A

mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria and musclaris mucosae)
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia/ serosa

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2
Q

what type of epithelium is found in the mouth?

A

stratified squamous

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3
Q

what type of epithelium is found in the small intestine?

A

simple columnar

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4
Q

how long is the gut tube?

A

approx. 8m

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5
Q

what is the main functions of the stomach?

A

storage
sterilisation
reduces foodstuff to liquid form
digestion of proteins

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6
Q

what is the main functions of the pancreas?

A

produces pancreatic juice / digestive enzymes to help breakdown proteins, fats and carbs

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7
Q

what is the main functions of the liver?

A

produce bile salts with aid in digestion and absorb fats from the small intestine

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8
Q

what is the main functions of the small intestine?

A

final parts of chemical digestion and absorption

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9
Q

what are the main functions of the large intestine?

A

water absorbtion
faeces production
bacterial fermentation

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10
Q

where in the gut tube is the myenteric plexus found?

A

between the inner and outer layers of the muscularis externa

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11
Q

where in the gut tube is the submucosal plexus found?

A

within the submucosa

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12
Q

what makes up the enteric nervous system?

A

the myenteric and submucosal plexus’

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13
Q

what is the nerve supply of the gut?

A
parasympathetic = vagus nerve except salivary glands
sympathetic = splanchnic nerve
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14
Q

what effect does the splanchnic nerve have on the digestive system?

A

inhibits
decreases motility and secretion
except in salivation- it increases it

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15
Q

what is the nerve supply of the salivary glands?

A
facial nerve (X)
glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
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16
Q

what is the function of the gallbladder?

A

stores and concentrates bile

17
Q

what are the 3 pairs of salivary glands?

A

submandibular
sublingual
parotid

18
Q

what is the difference in the structural wall of the oesophagus and duodenum compared to the rest of the alimentary canal?

A

the oesophagus and duodenum contain glands in their submucosa

19
Q

what type of epithelium is found in the anal canal?

A

stratified squamous

20
Q

what the of epithelium is found in the stomach?

A

simple columnar

21
Q

what type of epithelium is found in the oesophagus?

A

stratified squamous

22
Q

in the gut tube what is the function of the epithelium in the mucosa?

A

it synthesises and secrets digestive enzymes, hormones and mucous
absorbs products of digestion

23
Q

what is the submucosa made up of?

A

thick irregular connective tissue

24
Q

which layers of the gut tube contain neurones?

A

submucosa and musclaris externa

25
Q

how are the 2 layers of smooth muscle in the musclaris externa arranged and why?

A

inner layer = circular to constrict the lumen

outer layer = longitudinal to shorten the tube

26
Q

what type of tissue is the lamina propria?

A

loose connective tissue

27
Q

what type of tissue is the sub mucosa?

A

thick irregular connective tissue

28
Q

what arrangement is the inner and outer layers of the muscularis externa?

A
inner = circular 
outer = longitudinal
29
Q

where in the alimentary canal would you find serosa?

A

every organ in the abdominal cavity

30
Q

where in the alimentary canal would you find adventitia?

A

the oesophagus and anal canal

31
Q

where is the meissners plexus found?

A

submucosa

32
Q

where is aucherbach plexus found?

A

musuclaris externa