Alimentary Canal 6.2 Flashcards
ingestion
the taking of substances such as food and drink
into the body through the mouth.
Digestion
the breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body
Absorption
is the movement of small food molecules and ions
through the wall of the intestine into the blood.
Assimilation
is the movement of digested food molecules into
the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part
of the cells.
Egestion
is the passing out of food that has not been digested
or absorbed, as faeces, through the anus.
Mechanical Digestion
is the breakdown of food into smaller
pieces without chemical change to the food molecules.
Chemical Digestion
is the breakdown of large insoluble
molecules into small soluble molecules.
Mouth
mechanical digestion by
teeth; chemical digestion of starch by amylase;
Salivary Glands
saliva contains amylase for chemical digestion
of starch in food; also liquid to lubricate food and
make small pieces stick together
Oesophaugus
transfers food from the mouth to the stomach, by peristalsis
Stomach
produces gastric juice for
chemical digestion of protein; also hydrochloric
acid to kill bacteria
Small intestine
absorption of nutrients and minerals from food
Pancreas
secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum via
pancreatic duct for chemical
digestion of proteins, fats and starch
Liver
makes bile, containing salts to emulsify fats
(physical digestion); assimilation of digested
food such as glucose; deamination of excess
amino acids
Gall Bladder
stores bile, made in the liver, to be secreted into
the duodenum via the bile duct
