Alimentary Flashcards
What is the primordial gut tube derived from
The endoderm lining of the yolk sac for descriptive purposes it is divided into parts - foregut ,midgut and hind gut
What is the duodenum?
The tube proximal to the opening of the bile duct after the stomach
Artery of the foregut?
Celiac trunk
The Esophagus muscular tube normally has 3 constrictions, where they at?
- Cervical 2.Thoracic 3, diaphragmatic
Stomach parts?
Cardio, fundus, body and pyloric parts
and two curvatures: lesser and greater
What do biliary ducts carry?
They carry bile from the liver to gall bladder
Lymphatic drainage of foregut structures?
Celiac group of lymph nodes
Pyloric sphincter does what?
Controls discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum
Artery of gallbladder ( cystic artery) is found where?
In the triangle of Calot (between common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of liver.
Is the pancreas an exocrine or endocrine gland?
Both!
What are the three blood vessels that supply the GI tract?
Coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries
Where does the midgut begin?
Where the bile duct and the pancreatic duct opens into the 2nd Part of duodenum
What is the widest and most fixed part of the small intestine?
Duodenum
What are the other two parts of the small intestine, other than the duodenum?
Jejunum and ileum
What is the midgets blood supply?
Superior mesenteric artery
Where does the superior mesenteric artery branch from abdominal aorta?
L1
What are the hind-gut structures?
Left 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of anal canal
What is the artery of the hind-gut?
Inferior mesenteric artery
What are the 3 features typical of the large intestine? Distinguishing from the small intestine
- Omental appendices - small, fatty, peritoneal like projections
- Haustra or sacculations- the pattern of constriction and bulge
3.teniae coli - thickened bands of smooth muscle (longitudinal layer)
Why does the appendix tend to get infections?
Due to the large amount of lymphatic tissue which sights infection itself it is more susceptible to infection as the pathogen will be taken to the lymph nodes
What is Macburney’s point?
The site of maximum tenderness in acute appendicitis
What is the origin point of the inferior mesenteric artery?
Anterior branch of abdominal aorta (L3 )
Branches of inferior mesenteric artery?
Left colic, sigmoid arteries and superior rectal artery
What is the terminal branch of inferior mesenteric artery?
Superior rectal artery
The vagus nerve innervates ?
The foregut and midgut
Peristalsis and gland secretion is innervated by?
parasympathetic (vagus)
Hind gut is innovated by?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (sympathetic)
What vein carries all the end products of digestion
Portal vein
What 2 veins form the portal vein?
Union of splenic vein with the superior mesenteric vein
If there is a portal obstruction, what does this cause?
Back flow of blood, the blood tries to go back to the systemic circulation.
What is the lymph vessel that receives the most lymph from abdominal wall and organs?
Thoracic duct
What level are the lymph nodes that take lymph from the GI tract?
L1 and L2( lumbar region )
What are the 3 groups of lumbar lymph nodes?
- Pre-aortic - drains organs supplied by the anterior branches of the aorta.
- Lateral aortic- drains organs supplied by lateral aortic branches
- Retro-aortic- drains the posterior abdominal wall
What 3 groups do the pre-aortic lymph include?
Coeliac group, superior mesenteric group and inferior mesenteric group
