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Year 2 Systems > Alimentary > Flashcards

Alimentary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primordial gut tube derived from

A

The endoderm lining of the yolk sac for descriptive purposes it is divided into parts - foregut ,midgut and hind gut

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2
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

The tube proximal to the opening of the bile duct after the stomach

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3
Q

Artery of the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk

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4
Q

The Esophagus muscular tube normally has 3 constrictions, where they at?

A
  1. Cervical 2.Thoracic 3, diaphragmatic
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5
Q

Stomach parts?

A

Cardio, fundus, body and pyloric parts

and two curvatures: lesser and greater

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6
Q

What do biliary ducts carry?

A

They carry bile from the liver to gall bladder

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7
Q

Lymphatic drainage of foregut structures?

A

Celiac group of lymph nodes

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8
Q

Pyloric sphincter does what?

A

Controls discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

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9
Q

Artery of gallbladder ( cystic artery) is found where?

A

In the triangle of Calot (between common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of liver.

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10
Q

Is the pancreas an exocrine or endocrine gland?

A

Both!

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11
Q

What are the three blood vessels that supply the GI tract?

A

Coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries

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12
Q

Where does the midgut begin?

A

Where the bile duct and the pancreatic duct opens into the 2nd Part of duodenum

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13
Q

What is the widest and most fixed part of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

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14
Q

What are the other two parts of the small intestine, other than the duodenum?

A

Jejunum and ileum

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15
Q

What is the midgets blood supply?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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16
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery branch from abdominal aorta?

A

L1

17
Q

What are the hind-gut structures?

A

Left 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of anal canal

18
Q

What is the artery of the hind-gut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

19
Q

What are the 3 features typical of the large intestine? Distinguishing from the small intestine

A
  1. Omental appendices - small, fatty, peritoneal like projections
  2. Haustra or sacculations- the pattern of constriction and bulge
    3.teniae coli - thickened bands of smooth muscle (longitudinal layer)
20
Q

Why does the appendix tend to get infections?

A

Due to the large amount of lymphatic tissue which sights infection itself it is more susceptible to infection as the pathogen will be taken to the lymph nodes

21
Q

What is Macburney’s point?

A

The site of maximum tenderness in acute appendicitis

22
Q

What is the origin point of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Anterior branch of abdominal aorta (L3 )

23
Q

Branches of inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Left colic, sigmoid arteries and superior rectal artery

24
Q

What is the terminal branch of inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Superior rectal artery

25
Q

The vagus nerve innervates ?

A

The foregut and midgut

26
Q

Peristalsis and gland secretion is innervated by?

A

parasympathetic (vagus)

27
Q

Hind gut is innovated by?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (sympathetic)

28
Q

What vein carries all the end products of digestion

A

Portal vein

29
Q

What 2 veins form the portal vein?

A

Union of splenic vein with the superior mesenteric vein

30
Q

If there is a portal obstruction, what does this cause?

A

Back flow of blood, the blood tries to go back to the systemic circulation.

31
Q

What is the lymph vessel that receives the most lymph from abdominal wall and organs?

A

Thoracic duct

32
Q

What level are the lymph nodes that take lymph from the GI tract?

A

L1 and L2( lumbar region )

33
Q

What are the 3 groups of lumbar lymph nodes?

A
  1. Pre-aortic - drains organs supplied by the anterior branches of the aorta.
  2. Lateral aortic- drains organs supplied by lateral aortic branches
  3. Retro-aortic- drains the posterior abdominal wall
34
Q

What 3 groups do the pre-aortic lymph include?

A

Coeliac group, superior mesenteric group and inferior mesenteric group

Year 2 Systems (4 decks)

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