Alhydes & Ketones

Question 1

Aldehydes & ketones are closely related families of compounds which contain both carbonyl functional group (C=O)

Question 2

What do aldehydes have

Answer 2

A carbonyl group at the end of their carbon chain with a hydrogen attached to the carbon atom

Question 3

What do ketones have

Answer 3

Their carbonyl group in the middle of the chain and the carbon atom in the group has two carbons attached to it

Question 4

Why is the first member of the ketones propanone

Answer 4

For the carbonyl group to be in the middle of the carbon chain there must be at least 3 carbons attached to atoms in the chain

Question 5

Ketones with 5 or more carbons have their group in 1 or more positions and need to be named accordingly

Question 7

Why are aldehydes and ketones polar

Answer 7

Due to presence of a PD along the carbonyl group

Question 8

What do these PD create

Answer 8

PDPDA between molecules

Question 9

So why do aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points than their equivalent alkanes

Answer 9

Due to the PDPDA

Question 10

Then why do aldehydes have lower Bp than their equivalent alcohol

Answer 10

Because the alcohol contain hydrogen bonding which is stronger than PDPD attractions

Question 11

carbonyl compounds are polar so

Answer 11

Aldehydes and ketones are water soluble

Question 12

Why?

Answer 12

This is due to the oxygen on the carbonyl group being able to form hydrogen bonds with hydrogen in water