Alexander III's Reforms Flashcards
What were the Changes in Local Government?
State-appointed office - Land Captains were created in July 1989, with power to override the zemstvo and disregard their decisions.
New election arrangements for the zemstvo - reduced peasant votes.
What were the Changes in Policing?
The Okhrana was led by Plehve - 1881 and 1884.
Police increased and new departments were set up.
Recruitment of Spied and Counter Spies as well as agent provocateurs.
What were the Changes in the Judicial System?
An arrested person had no right to legal representation.
Closed Court Sessions were used frequently.
Jurors would be people such as the Land Captains.
What were the Changes in Education?
Universities focused on more religious and patriotic topics instead of academics.
University life was closely supervised to avoid student revolutions.
Primary education was placed firmly in the hands of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Only 21% of Population were literate by 1897.
What were the Impacts of these counter reforms?
Positive - Redemption Fees were reduced, poll tax was abolished and the introduction of inheritance tax helped shift the burden of taxation on the lower classes.
The peasants land bank was created in 1883 to help purchase farms.
What were the Impacts of these counter reforms?
Positive - Redemption Fees were reduced, poll tax was abolished and the introduction of inheritance tax helped shift the burden of taxation on the lower classes.
The peasants land bank was created in 1883 to help purchase farms.
