Alexander III

Question 0

What were the two political views?

Answer 0

Westerners and Slavophiles

Question 1

When was Alexander II assassinated, leading to Alexander III taking power?

Answer 1

1881 by The People’s Will - ironically on way to allow democracy

Question 2

What were elective local governments called?

Answer 2

zemstva

Question 3

What were Alexander III’s political views?

Answer 3

Very traditional - conservative

Question 4

What did radicals begin to believe?

Answer 4

That eradication of Tsarism would solve Russia’s problems

Question 5

Which liberal ministers had to leave office?

Answer 5

Loris-Melikov and Ignatiev

Question 6

Which minister was introduced?

Answer 6

Pobedonostsev, said absolute power resided in the Tsar

Question 7

Which religious group were attacked?

Answer 7

Organised attacks on Jews

Question 8

What was Russification?

Answer 8

Insisting in the use of the Russian language, with all other languages banned in schools and official documents. Also attempting to convert people to Russian Orthodox Church - previously lots of religion

Question 9

When were the universities temporarily closed and why?

Answer 9

1889 - due to student demonstrations

Question 10

When were Land Captains introduced to replace those who had been locally elected?

Answer 10

1889

Question 11

When were universities placed under government control?

Answer 11

1884

Question 12

Why were university fees raised?

Answer 12

To exclude all but the very wealthy, who were much less likely to revolt when learned of other political systems

Question 13

How many major newspapers were banned?

Answer 13

14 - under press freedom restriction

Question 14

What was censored, and by whom?

Answer 14

14 major newspaper and all foreign literature, by the Okhrana (secret police)

Question 15

Which courts were introduced and for whom?

Answer 15

Government controlled courts for government opponents, with no jury

Question 16

When was the right for governments to choose juries introduced?

Answer 16

1890

Question 17

Who was responsible for Russia’s economic development?

Answer 17

Witte

Question 18

What were the issues Witte faced?

Answer 18

Russia had a small business class (which would be central to development), many Russian peasants did not have freedom of movement to move to cities, the Russian economy did not have enough surplus money to invest in development

Question 19

What was state capitalism?

Answer 19

Economic development sponsored and directed by the government

Question 20

Which foreign powers invested in Russia?

Answer 20

Belgium, France, and Britain

Question 21

Which welsh man helped to found ironworks in the Ukraine?

Answer 21

John Hughes - City of Donetsk grew up around it - example of foreign dependence

Question 22

Which factory employed thousands of workers?

Answer 22

The Putilov Factory

Question 23

What caused peasants to revolt during the Russian industrial increase?

Answer 23

Introduced more taxes for the poor, poor living and working conditions, still not enough growth to equal other powers.

Question 24

What made revolution seem possible during the industrial expansion?

Answer 24

Peasant uprisings commonplace, increasing population led to better conditions for uprising, 1905 - Putilov strike which led to revolution

Question 25

What positives came out of the industrial growth?

Answer 25

Population in cities doubled, developed influence in Far East, industrial growth 8% in 1890-99 (fastest in world), coal, oil, and iron production increased rapidly

Question 26

Who hated Nicholas II?

Answer 26

Liberals, social revolutionaries, social democrats.