Alexander III

Question 1

What was his aim?

Answer 1

Increase centralised power

Question 2

Emergency Measures 1881

Answer 2

• Gave govt power to prevent gatherings of more than 12 people
• Govt officials could do almost as they pleased

Question 3

Control

Answer 3

• Censorship tightened
• Okhrana was established and could declare any citizen for surveillance
• Land captains to manage decisions in rural areas

Question 4

Education

Answer 4

• Student freedom reduced and teachers were now appointed by Ministry of Education
• Orthodox Church given control over primary schools

Question 5

Local Govt

Answer 5

• Zemstvo act reduced their independence. They were put under the control of the Ministry of Interior who could veto their decisions and stop localised initiatives

Question 6

Judicial

Answer 6

• Judges lost much of their independence
• Crimes against the state were heard without a jury
• JPs abolished

Question 7

Russification

Answer 7

• Aim was to spread a sense of Russian belonging across the empire, forcing other nationalities to adopt Russian culture
• Determined for the Orthodox church to be at the centre of Russification so carried out a policy of forced conversion
• 37000 Lutherans forcibly converted to Christian Orthodoxy

Question 8

The Jews

Answer 8

• 5 million were forced to live in the pale of settlement
• Not allowed to own property
• Could not vote pf hold govt positions
• Pogroms started against Jews, killing thousands
• 2 million emigrated and joined revolutionary groups

Question 9

Death of Alexander III

Answer 9

• Died suddenly with 1894 with Kidney failure
• His repression restored the regime’s political authority
• Strengthen traditional elitism