Alexander II- Judicial reforms Flashcards

1
Q

What was the issue with the judicial system in which Alexander II had inherited

A

-chaotic, arbitrary, secret and cruel

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2
Q

What was the issue with police involvement in the judicial proceedings?

A

-They imposed punishments.

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3
Q

How was police imposing punishments solved?

A

-A separation of judicial and administrative powers.

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4
Q

What was the issue of separate courts?

A

-different court depending on class.
-causes transfers and years of delay.

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5
Q

How were the different courts for classes fixed?

A

-equality before the law
-New lower courts replace serf owners as local magistrates.

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6
Q

What was the issue about judges?

A

-unqualified and illiterate
-court secretaries writing down decisions- great powers.
-bribery and abuse.

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7
Q

How were the issues surrounding judges solved?

A

-Judges better trained
-Elected by local councils for the three years.
-Judges paid more and removable by the government.

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8
Q

Who was no longer liable for somebodies offence?

A

-other peasants in the village.

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9
Q

What were the main issues during the court proceedings themselves?

A

-accused never saw the judge
-bribery of witnesses
-no route of appeal
-savage punishments.

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10
Q

How were the issues of the court proceedings themselves solved?

A

-evidence considered in the open
-defence
-right of appeal and press coverage
-trial by jury.

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11
Q

How were savage punishments improved?

A

-flogging reduction.
-offences carried reprimand fines up to 300 roubles and a prison sentence of 3 months- a year.

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12
Q

What issues remained in the judiciary?

A

-separate vollust courts for peasants.
-shortage of trained lawyers.
-critics harassed by the secret police.

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13
Q

What was developed in 1864?

A

-court system

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14
Q

What issues remained in the judiciary?

A

-separate vollust courts for peasants.
-shortage of trained lawyers.
-critics harassed by the secret police.

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