Alexander II- Judicial reforms Flashcards
What was the issue with the judicial system in which Alexander II had inherited
-chaotic, arbitrary, secret and cruel
What was the issue with police involvement in the judicial proceedings?
-They imposed punishments.
How was police imposing punishments solved?
-A separation of judicial and administrative powers.
What was the issue of separate courts?
-different court depending on class.
-causes transfers and years of delay.
How were the different courts for classes fixed?
-equality before the law
-New lower courts replace serf owners as local magistrates.
What was the issue about judges?
-unqualified and illiterate
-court secretaries writing down decisions- great powers.
-bribery and abuse.
How were the issues surrounding judges solved?
-Judges better trained
-Elected by local councils for the three years.
-Judges paid more and removable by the government.
Who was no longer liable for somebodies offence?
-other peasants in the village.
What were the main issues during the court proceedings themselves?
-accused never saw the judge
-bribery of witnesses
-no route of appeal
-savage punishments.
How were the issues of the court proceedings themselves solved?
-evidence considered in the open
-defence
-right of appeal and press coverage
-trial by jury.
How were savage punishments improved?
-flogging reduction.
-offences carried reprimand fines up to 300 roubles and a prison sentence of 3 months- a year.
What issues remained in the judiciary?
-separate vollust courts for peasants.
-shortage of trained lawyers.
-critics harassed by the secret police.
What issues remained in the judiciary?
-separate vollust courts for peasants.
-shortage of trained lawyers.
-critics harassed by the secret police.
What was developed in 1864?
-court system
