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Aldehydes and Ketones Flashcards

Aldehydes and ketones

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1
Q

_________ AND _______ are the compounds which contain a
carbonyl functional group

A

Aldehydes and ketones

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2
Q

A carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom

A

Carbonyl group

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3
Q

All carbonyl groups have a

A

trigonal planar structure

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4
Q

Carbonyl is attached to at least one H atom in _____

A

Aldehydes

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5
Q

Carbonyl is directly attached with two carbon atoms in _____

A

KETONES

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6
Q

carbonyl carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom

A

Esters

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7
Q

carbonyl carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen atom

A

Amide

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8
Q

_______ are not possible but cyclic ketones are known

A

Cyclic aldehydes

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9
Q

ALDEHYDES - IUPAC RULES
Select as the parent carbon chain the longest carbon
chain that includes the carbon atom of the carbonyl group

A

rule 1

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10
Q

ALDEHYDES - IUPAC RULES
Name the parent chain by changing the -e ending of the
corresponding alkane name to -al.

A

rule 2

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11
Q

ALDEHYDES - IUPAC RULES
Determine the identity and location of any substituents,
and append this information to the front of the parent chain
name.

A

rule 4

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12
Q

ALDEHYDES - IUPAC RULES
Number the parent chain by assigning the number 1 to
the carbonyl carbon atom of the aldehyde group.

A

rule 3

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13
Q

KETONES - IUPAC RULES
Select as the parent carbon chain the longest carbon
chain that includes the carbon atom of the carbonyl group

A

rule 1

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14
Q

KETONES - IUPAC RULES
Name the parent chain by changing the “-e” ending of
the corresponding alkane name to “-one.”

A

rule 2

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15
Q

KETONES - IUPAC RULES
Number the carbon chain such that the carbonyl carbon
atom receives the lowest possible number

A

rule 3

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16
Q

KETONES - IUPAC RULES
Determine the identity and location of any substituents,
and append this information to the front of the parent chain
name.

A

rule 4

17
Q

KETONES - IUPAC RULES
Cyclic ketones are named by assigning the number 1 to
the carbon atom of the carbonyl group

A

rule 5

18
Q

Isomers between aldehydes and ketones are called

A

functional
group isomers

19
Q

Two types of isomers:
Position of the functional group is
different.

A

Positional isomers

20
Q

Two types of isomers:
arrangements of atoms in space is different.

A

Skeletal isomers

21
Q

______ is used for preserving biological specimens

A

FORMALIN

22
Q

Simplest ketone.

A

ACETONE

23
Q

Simplest aldehyde and has one carbon atom

A

FORMALDEHYDE

24
Q

_______ is the main ingredient in gasoline treatments
designed to solubilize water in the gas tank and allow it to
pass through the engine in miscible form.

A

ACETONE

25
Q

PHYSICAL STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
– C1-C2 aldehydes are gases
– C3 -C11 straight-chain aldehydes are liquids

A

Aldehydes

26
Q

PHYSICAL STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
– Lower molar mass ketones are colorless liquids

A

KETONES

27
Q

Water molecules can hydrogen-bond with aldehyde and
ketone molecules, which causes low-molecular-mass
aldehydes and ketones to be water soluble.

A

SOLUBILITY

28
Q

– Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation to carboxylic acids

A

Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones

29
Q

Tollens reagent [aqueous
silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) and ammonia (NH3 )] when added to an
aldehyde, Ag+
ion is reduced to silver metal, which deposits
on the inside of the test tube, forming a silver mirror

A

TOLLENS TEST

30
Q

Similar to the Tollens test except that the metal ion
oxidizing agent is Cu2+

A

BENEDICT’S TEST

31
Q

Aldehydes and ketones are easily reduced by
hydrogen gas (H2), in the presence of a catalyst
(Ni, Pt, or Cu), to form alcohols

A

REDUCTION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

32
Q

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols to form
hemiacetals and acetals.

A

REACTION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES WITH ALCOHOLS

33
Q

A hemiacetal is an organic
compound in which a carbon atom is bonded to both a
hydroxyl group (—OH) and an alkoxy group (—OR)

A

Hemiacetal formation

34
Q

can also be formed due to the reaction

A

hemiacetal

35
Q

An acetal is an organic compound in
which a carbon atom is bonded to two alkoxy groups (— OR)

A

Acetal Formation:

36
Q

Undergo hydrolysis in acidic solution to
form the aldehyde or ketone and alcohols that originally
reacted to form the acetal.

A

Acetal Hydrolysis

37
Q

is a prolific “polymer former

A

Formaldehyde

38
Q

Replacement of carbonyl oxygen with sulfur produces ____ AND _______

A

thioaldehydes (thials) and thioketones (thiones)

39
Q

________ is an odorless liquid with excellent solvent
properties

A

DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)

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