Aldehydes and Ketones

Question 1

_________ AND _______ are the compounds which contain a
carbonyl functional group

Answer 1

Aldehydes and ketones

Question 2

A carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom

Answer 2

Carbonyl group

Question 3

All carbonyl groups have a

Answer 3

trigonal planar structure

Question 4

Carbonyl is attached to at least one H atom in _____

Answer 4

Aldehydes

Question 5

Carbonyl is directly attached with two carbon atoms in _____

Answer 5

KETONES

Question 6

carbonyl carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom

Answer 6

Esters

Question 7

carbonyl carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen atom

Answer 7

Amide

Question 8

_______ are not possible but cyclic ketones are known

Answer 8

Cyclic aldehydes

Question 9

ALDEHYDES - IUPAC RULES
Select as the parent carbon chain the longest carbon
chain that includes the carbon atom of the carbonyl group

Answer 9

rule 1

Question 10

ALDEHYDES - IUPAC RULES
Name the parent chain by changing the -e ending of the
corresponding alkane name to -al.

Answer 10

rule 2

Question 11

ALDEHYDES - IUPAC RULES
Determine the identity and location of any substituents,
and append this information to the front of the parent chain
name.

Answer 11

rule 4

Question 12

ALDEHYDES - IUPAC RULES
Number the parent chain by assigning the number 1 to
the carbonyl carbon atom of the aldehyde group.

Answer 12

rule 3

Question 13

KETONES - IUPAC RULES
Select as the parent carbon chain the longest carbon
chain that includes the carbon atom of the carbonyl group

Answer 13

rule 1

Question 14

KETONES - IUPAC RULES
Name the parent chain by changing the “-e” ending of
the corresponding alkane name to “-one.”

Answer 14

rule 2

Question 15

KETONES - IUPAC RULES
Number the carbon chain such that the carbonyl carbon
atom receives the lowest possible number

Answer 15

rule 3

Question 16

KETONES - IUPAC RULES
Determine the identity and location of any substituents,
and append this information to the front of the parent chain
name.

Answer 16

rule 4

Question 17

KETONES - IUPAC RULES
Cyclic ketones are named by assigning the number 1 to
the carbon atom of the carbonyl group

Answer 17

rule 5

Question 18

Isomers between aldehydes and ketones are called

Answer 18

functional
group isomers

Question 19

Two types of isomers:
Position of the functional group is
different.

Answer 19

Positional isomers

Question 20

Two types of isomers:
arrangements of atoms in space is different.

Answer 20

Skeletal isomers

Question 21

______ is used for preserving biological specimens

Answer 21

FORMALIN

Question 22

Simplest ketone.

Answer 22

ACETONE

Question 23

Simplest aldehyde and has one carbon atom

Answer 23

FORMALDEHYDE

Question 24

_______ is the main ingredient in gasoline treatments
designed to solubilize water in the gas tank and allow it to
pass through the engine in miscible form.

Answer 24

ACETONE

Question 25

PHYSICAL STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE – C1-C2 aldehydes are gases – C3 -C11 straight-chain aldehydes are liquids

Answer 25

Aldehydes

Question 26

PHYSICAL STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE – Lower molar mass ketones are colorless liquids

Answer 26

KETONES

Question 27

Water molecules can hydrogen-bond with aldehyde and ketone molecules, which causes low-molecular-mass aldehydes and ketones to be water soluble.

Answer 27

SOLUBILITY

Question 28

– Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation to carboxylic acids

Answer 28

Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones

Question 29

Tollens reagent [aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) and ammonia (NH3 )] when added to an aldehyde, Ag+ ion is reduced to silver metal, which deposits on the inside of the test tube, forming a silver mirror

Answer 29

TOLLENS TEST

Question 30

Similar to the Tollens test except that the metal ion oxidizing agent is Cu2+

Answer 30

BENEDICT’S TEST

Question 31

Aldehydes and ketones are easily reduced by hydrogen gas (H2), in the presence of a catalyst (Ni, Pt, or Cu), to form alcohols

Answer 31

REDUCTION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

Question 32

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols to form hemiacetals and acetals.

Answer 32

REACTION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES WITH ALCOHOLS

Question 33

A hemiacetal is an organic compound in which a carbon atom is bonded to both a hydroxyl group (—OH) and an alkoxy group (—OR)

Answer 33

Hemiacetal formation

Question 34

can also be formed due to the reaction

Answer 34

hemiacetal

Question 35

An acetal is an organic compound in which a carbon atom is bonded to two alkoxy groups (— OR)

Answer 35

Acetal Formation:

Question 36

Undergo hydrolysis in acidic solution to form the aldehyde or ketone and alcohols that originally reacted to form the acetal.

Answer 36

Acetal Hydrolysis

Question 37

is a prolific “polymer former

Answer 37

Formaldehyde

Question 38

Replacement of carbonyl oxygen with sulfur produces ____ AND _______

Answer 38

thioaldehydes (thials) and thioketones (thiones)

Question 39

________ is an odorless liquid with excellent solvent properties

Answer 39

DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)