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chem > Alcohol, Phenols, Ethers > Flashcards

Alcohol, Phenols, Ethers Flashcards

CHEM: Alcohol, Phenols, Ethers

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1
Q

Oxygen is a Group VIA Element – has 6 valance electrons

A
  • Two lone pairs
  • Two bonding pairs, i.e., it can form two covalent bond
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2
Q

Bonding in organic compounds:

A

Carbon forms four bonds
– Hydrogen forms one bond
– Oxygen forms two bonds

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3
Q

An organic compound in which an —OH group is
bonded to a saturated carbon atom.

A

Alcohol

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4
Q

A carbon atom that is bonded to four
other atoms

A

Saturated carbon atom

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5
Q

COMMON NAMES FOR ALCOHOLS
Name all of the carbon atoms of the molecule as a single
alkyl group.

A

rule 1

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6
Q

COMMON NAMES FOR ALCOHOLS
Add the word alcohol, separating the worlds with a
space.

A

rule 2

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7
Q

IUPAC RULES FOR NAMING ALCOHOLS
Name the longest carbon chain to which the hydroxyl
group is attached.

A

rule 1

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8
Q

IUPAC RULES FOR NAMING ALCOHOLS
Number the chain starting at the end nearest the
hydroxyl group, and use the appropriate number to indicate the
position of the — OH group.

A

rule 2

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9
Q

IUPAC RULES FOR NAMING ALCOHOLS
Name and locate any other substituents present

A

rule 3

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10
Q

IUPAC RULES FOR NAMING ALCOHOLS
In alcohols where the—OH group is attached to a carbon
atom in a ring, the hydroxyl group is assumed to be on carbon 1.

A

rule 4

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11
Q

__________ is possible for alcohols containing
three or more carbon atoms.

A

Constitutional isomerism

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12
Q

Two types of isomers

A

– Skeletal isomers
– Positional isomers

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13
Q

Good fuel and used as a solvent in paints

A

METHYL ALCOHOL (METHANOL)

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14
Q

Also called grain alcohol as obtained by fermentation of grains
like corn, rice and barley.

A

ETHYL ALCOHOL (ETHANOL)

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15
Q

is a three-carbon monohydroxy alcohol

A

Isopropyl alcohol

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16
Q

_______ is a triol with three -OH groups attached on three
adjacent carbon atoms

A

Glycerol

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17
Q

have both polar and nonpolar character

A

Alcohol molecules

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18
Q

the ______ group is nonpolar part of the molecule

A

The alkyl (R)

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19
Q

The ________ group is polar part of the molecule

A

hydroxyl

20
Q

have higher boiling points than alkanes of
similar molecular mass.

A

Alcohols

21
Q

Prepared by hydration of alkenes

A

PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLS

22
Q

-Like other hydrocarbons alcohols are also flammable.
- The _______ products are carbon dioxide and water.

A

COMBUSTION

23
Q

Also known as an elimination reaction

A

INTRAMOLECULAR ALCOHOL DEHYDRATION

24
Q

The major product formed in an intramolecular alcohol
dehydration reaction is the alkene that has the greatest number
of alkyl groups attached to the carbon atoms of the double bond

A

ZAITISEV’S RULE

25
Q

In this reaction, two molecules of alcohol combine to form an
ether (Condensation reaction)

A

INTERMOLECULAR ALCOHOL DEHYDRATION

26
Q

Addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen

A

OXIDATION

27
Q

In this reaction a halogen atom is substituted for the hydroxyl
group producing an alkyl halide.

A

HALOGENATION

28
Q

It is possible to synthesize polymeric alcohols with structures
similar to those of substituted polyethylene

A

POLYMERIC ALCOHOLS

29
Q

An organic compound in which an —OH group is
attached to a carbon atom that is part of an aromatic carbon ring
system

A

Phenol

30
Q

An aromatic carbon ring system from which one
hydrogen atom has been removed.

A

Aryl group

31
Q

Low-melting solids or oily liquids at room temperature.

A

Phenols

32
Q

Unlike alcohols, phenols are weak acids in solution.

A

ACIDITY OF PHENOLS

33
Q

Oxygen bonded to two carbon atoms (functional group)

A

Ethers

34
Q

IUPAC NOMENCLATURE
Select the longest carbon chain and use its name as the
base name.

A

rule 1

35
Q

IUPAC NOMENCLATURE
Change the “-yl” ending of the other hydrocarbon group
to “-oxy” to obtain the alkoxy group name − Examples: methyl
becomes methoxy, ethyl becomes ethoxy, etc.

A

rule 2

36
Q

IUPAC NOMENCLATURE
Place the alkoxy name, with a locator number, in front of
the base chain name.

A

rule 3

37
Q

Ethers and alcohols with the same number of carbon atoms
and the same degree of saturation have the same molecular
formula

A

FUNCTIONAL GROUP ISOMERISM

38
Q

The boiling points of ethers are similar to those of alkanes of
comparable molecular mass and are much lower than those
of alcohols of comparable molecular mass

A

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

39
Q

Ethers are Flammable, e.g., Diethyl ether has boiling point
of 35C and therefore a flash-fire hazard.

A

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

40
Q

Contain the ether functional groups as part of
a ring system (heterocyclic organic compounds).

A

CYCLIC ETHERS

41
Q

are named in the same way as alcohols in the IUPAC
system, except that the “–ol” becomes ______

A

“-thiol.”

42
Q

Have strong, disagreeable odor

A

PROPERTIES OF THIOLS

43
Q

An organic compound in which a sulfur
atom is bonded to two carbon atoms by single bonds.

A

Thioethers (or sulfides)

44
Q

are more reactive than their alcohol and ether
counterparts

A

Thiols

45
Q

_________ is a gas at room temperature and ethyl methyl
sulfide is a liquid.

A

Dimethyl sulfide

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