Aldéhyde / Cétone Flashcards

1
Q

Hybrydation

A

Sp2

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2
Q

Etat a T° ambiante

A

Non gazeux (sauf formaldéhyde=méthanal)

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3
Q

Solubilité

A

Alcool > Dérivé carbonylé

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4
Q

T° ébulition

A

Alcool > Cétone > Aldéhyde

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5
Q

Addition d’eau (AN)

A

Aldéhyde/Cétone + H2O –> Hydrate

Nécessite catalyse ACIDE

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6
Q

Addition d’acide cyanhydrique (AN)

A

Aldéhyde/Cétone + Acide cyanhydrique –> cyanhydrine

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7
Q

Acétalisation/Cétalisation (AN)

A

Aldéhyde + alcool –> hémiAcétal (+alcool) –> Acétal

Cétone + alcool –> hémicétal (+alcool) –> cétal

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8
Q

Addition de thiols (R-SH) (AN)

A

Aldéhyde + thiol –> hémithioAcétal (+thiol) –> thiAcétal

Cétone + thiol –> hémithiocétal (+thiol) –> thiocétal

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9
Q

Addition d’amine I (AN)

A

Formation d’imine

Aldéhyde/Cétone + amine I –> Imine + H2O

(Imine + réducteur –> amine)

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10
Q

Addition d’un organomagnésien (AN)

A

Addition d’un carbanion sur C=O

Formaldéhyde –> Alcool I
Aldhéyde –> Alcool II
Cétone –> Alcool III

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11
Q

Aldolisation / Cétolisation (AN)

A

2 aldéhydes identiques –> Aldol
2 cétones identiques –> Cétol

Reaction en milieu BASIQUE

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12
Q

Reaction d’oxydation

A

Aldéhyde –> Acide carboxylique

Cétone –> NADA

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13
Q

Réaction de réduction

A

Aldéhyde –> Alcool I

Cétone –> Alcool II

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14
Q

Réaction de crotonisation (E)

A

Déshydratation

Aldol –> Aldéhyde alpha/beta insaturé
Cétol –> Cétone alpha/beta insaturé (= accepteur de Michael)

Milieu BASIQUE + chauffage

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