Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids And Esters Flashcards
Name the process by which ethanol is produced from glucose
- name the catalyst aswell
Fermentation
Catalyst is yeast
Explain why only certain concentrations of ethanol can be produced using fermentation
High alcohol concentrations lead to enzymes in yeast not working
Name the process used to increase the concentration of alcohols
Distillation
Name the functional group in alcohols
Name the ending
Hydroxyl
Ol
Why are alcohols polar molecules
The presence of the polar hydroxyl group
What type of intermolecular forces are there between alcohol molecules
Hydrogen bonds
How does polarity of alcohols molecules affect their boiling point and solubility
Higher boiling points due to more heat needed to break relatively strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Soluble in polar substances due to ability to form hydrogen bonds with solvent
Why can alcohols be used as solvents for many different solutes
It has both a polar and non polar section
Why are alcohols with smaller carbon chains ideal for cleaning purposes
They evaporate easily
Why are alcohols used as fuels
Highly flammable
Burn with a clear flame
Name functional group in carboxylic acids
What ending do they have
Carboxyl group
Oic acid
What is formed when carboxylic acid reacts with a base
Salts containing the carboxylate ion
Practice naming these now are
Ethanoic acid is also known as
Vinegar
Uses of vinegar
Removes limescale
Functional group of an ester and it’s ending
Ester group
‘Yl-oate’
Name type of reaction to form esters
Condensation between alcohols and carboxylic acids
Characteristic of an ester
Smell
Define condensation reaction
Molecules join together with the elimination of a small molecule
Water
Uses of esters
Flavouring and fragrances
Define hydrolysis
A reaction where a molecule reacts with water breaking down into smaller molecules
What is produced when an ester is hydrolysed is
Alcohol and carboxylic acid
What family of compounds do triglycerides belong to
Esters
