Alcohols and some of their reactions

Question 1

alcohols are

Answer 1

a homologous series of compounds with the general formula CnH2n+1OH

Question 2

alcohols can be the product of what type of reaction involving a halogenoalkane and water?

Answer 2

hydrolysis

Question 3

the simplified formula for alcohols is

Answer 3

ROH

Question 4

R represents

Answer 4

an alkyl group

Question 5

when naming alcohols, we insert the functional group number

Answer 5

in the name, not at the beginning (propan-2-ol not 2-propanol)

Question 6

when two or more OH groups groups are present in a compound, we add the term

Answer 6

di- or tri- before the -ol bit of the naming

Question 7

a primary alcohol is when

Answer 7

the C atom to which the OH group is attached is bonded to only one carbon atom

Question 8

a secondary alcohol is when

Answer 8

the C atom to which the OH group is attached is bonded to two other carbon atoms

Question 9

a tertiary alcohol is when

Answer 9

the carbon atom to which the OH group is attached is bonded to three other carbon atoms

Question 10

methanol would be classified as

Answer 10

a primary alcohol

Question 11

the equation for the complete combustion of ethanol is

Answer 11

C2H5OH + 3O2 = 2CO2 + 3H2O

Question 12

alcohols can be converted back into

Answer 12

halogenoalkanes

Question 13

alcohols can be converted into halogenoalkanes by

Answer 13

removing the OH group and replacing it with a halogen atom

Question 14

a hydroxyl group is

Answer 14

an OH group

Question 15

an OH is

Answer 15

a hydroxyl group

Question 16

chlorination is carried out

Answer 16

using phosphorus(V) chloride

Question 17

chlorination results in the formation of

Answer 17

two inorganic products

Question 18

the two inorganic products formed in chlorination using phosphorus(V) chloride is

Answer 18

phosphorus oxychloride and hydrogen chloride

Question 19

the reaction between phosphorus(V) chloride and an alcohol is (in terms of vigority)

Answer 19

very vigorous

Question 20

as chlorination reactions are very vigorous, they do not require

Answer 20

heating during the reaction

Question 21

tertiary alcohols do not require the same method of chlorination as for

Answer 21

primary and secondary alcohols

Question 22

tertiary alcohols are chlorinated using

Answer 22

concentrated hydrochloric acid

Question 23

primary and secondary alcohols are chlorinated using

Answer 23

phosphorus(V) chloride

Question 24

the formula of phosphorus(V) chloride is

Answer 24

PCl5

Question 25

the chlorination reaction between propan-1-ol is (word equation)

Answer 25

propan-1-ol + phosphorus(V) chloride = 1-chloropropane + phosphorus oxychloride + hydrogen chloride

Question 26

the symbol equation for the chlorination of propan-1-ol is

Answer 26

CH3CH2CH2OH + PCl5 = CH3CH2CH2Cl + POCl3 + HCl

Question 27

the formula of 2-methylpropan-2-ol is

Answer 27

(CH3)3COH

Question 28

bromination is carried out using

Answer 28

a mixture of potassium bromide and about 50% concentrated sulfuric acid

Question 29

bromination reactions have to be

Answer 29

heated with the alcohol

Question 30

when writing equations for bromination reactions

Answer 30

we write two separate equations, as the two reagents can react to make hydrogen bromide

Question 31

the two equations with for the bromination reaction (just the two reagents of the mixture)

Answer 31

KBr + H2SO4 = KHSO4 + HBr or 2KBr + H2SO4 = K2SO4 + 2HBr (hydrogen bromide is formed in both reactions)

Question 32

the other inorganic product (not HBr) formed in the reaction mixture in the reagents for bromination is

Answer 32

either potassium hydrogensulfate or potassium sulfate

Question 33

the symbol equation for the bromination of butan-1-ol is

Answer 33

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + HBr = CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + H2O

Question 34

iodination is carried out using

Answer 34

a mixture of red phosphorus and iodine

Question 35

the reaction mixture for iodination is (conditions)

Answer 35

heated under reflux

Question 36

when writing equations for iodination reactions,

Answer 36

we write two equations for the inorganic reagents in the mixture as they first react to produce phosphorus(III) iodide

Question 37

the two inorganic reagents in the iodination reaction first react to form

Answer 37

phosphorus(III) iodide

Question 38

the equation for the reaction of the two inorganic reagents in iodination reactions (red phosphorous and iodine) is

Answer 38

2P + 3I2 = 2PI3

Question 39

the equation for the iodination of ethanol is

Answer 39

3CH3CH2OH + PI3 = 3CH3CH2I + H3PO3

Question 40

the compound H3PO3 is called and also known as

Answer 40

called phosphonic acid and is known as phosphorous acid

Question 41

alcohols can be......... to form alkenes

Answer 41

dehydrated

Question 42

dehydration of alcohols is done by

Answer 42

heating the alcohol with concentrated phosphoric acid

Question 43

dehydration reactions of alcohols are similar to

Answer 43

elimination reactions of halogenoalkanes

Question 44

dehydration reactions of alcohols are similar to elimination reactions of halogenoalkanes because

Answer 44

in both the OH group and a H atom from an adjacent carbon atom is removed and a double C=C bond formed

Question 45

a halogenation reaction results

Answer 45

in the displacement of the hydroxyl group in an alcohol molecule by a halogen atom

Question 46

a dehydration reaction results

Answer 46

in the removal of the hydroxyl group in an alcohol molecule, together with a hydrogen atom from an adjacent carbon atom, forming a C=C double bond

Question 47

the dehydration of butan-2-ol can produce two products (apart from water):

Answer 47

but-1-ene and but-2-ene and both produce water

Question 48

the two equations for the dehydration of but-2-ol are

Answer 48

``` CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3 = H2C=CHCH2CH3 + H2O and CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3 = CH2HC=CHCH3 + H2O ```

Question 49

but-2-ene exists as

Answer 49

two E-Z isomers, so when but-2-ol is dehydrated, it is correct that there are three possible products, but-1-ene and the two forms of but-2-ene

Question 50

in dehydration reactions of alcohols, we do not show.......in the equation because it.............

Answer 50

the phosphoric acid as this is just diluted by the water produced