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Topic 6.4 (Alcohols) > Alcohols and some of their reactions > Flashcards

Alcohols and some of their reactions Flashcards

1
Q

alcohols are

A

a homologous series of compounds with the general formula CnH2n+1OH

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2
Q

alcohols can be the product of what type of reaction involving a halogenoalkane and water?

A

hydrolysis

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3
Q

the simplified formula for alcohols is

A

ROH

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4
Q

R represents

A

an alkyl group

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5
Q

when naming alcohols, we insert the functional group number

A

in the name, not at the beginning (propan-2-ol not 2-propanol)

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6
Q

when two or more OH groups groups are present in a compound, we add the term

A

di- or tri- before the -ol bit of the naming

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7
Q

a primary alcohol is when

A

the C atom to which the OH group is attached is bonded to only one carbon atom

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8
Q

a secondary alcohol is when

A

the C atom to which the OH group is attached is bonded to two other carbon atoms

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9
Q

a tertiary alcohol is when

A

the carbon atom to which the OH group is attached is bonded to three other carbon atoms

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10
Q

methanol would be classified as

A

a primary alcohol

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11
Q

the equation for the complete combustion of ethanol is

A

C2H5OH + 3O2 = 2CO2 + 3H2O

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12
Q

alcohols can be converted back into

A

halogenoalkanes

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13
Q

alcohols can be converted into halogenoalkanes by

A

removing the OH group and replacing it with a halogen atom

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14
Q

a hydroxyl group is

A

an OH group

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15
Q

an OH is

A

a hydroxyl group

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16
Q

chlorination is carried out

A

using phosphorus(V) chloride

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17
Q

chlorination results in the formation of

A

two inorganic products

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18
Q

the two inorganic products formed in chlorination using phosphorus(V) chloride is

A

phosphorus oxychloride and hydrogen chloride

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19
Q

the reaction between phosphorus(V) chloride and an alcohol is (in terms of vigority)

A

very vigorous

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20
Q

as chlorination reactions are very vigorous, they do not require

A

heating during the reaction

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21
Q

tertiary alcohols do not require the same method of chlorination as for

A

primary and secondary alcohols

22
Q

tertiary alcohols are chlorinated using

A

concentrated hydrochloric acid

23
Q

primary and secondary alcohols are chlorinated using

A

phosphorus(V) chloride

24
Q

the formula of phosphorus(V) chloride is

25
Q

the chlorination reaction between propan-1-ol is (word equation)

A

propan-1-ol + phosphorus(V) chloride = 1-chloropropane + phosphorus oxychloride + hydrogen chloride

26
Q

the symbol equation for the chlorination of propan-1-ol is

A

CH3CH2CH2OH + PCl5 = CH3CH2CH2Cl + POCl3 + HCl

27
Q

the formula of 2-methylpropan-2-ol is

28
Q

bromination is carried out using

A

a mixture of potassium bromide and about 50% concentrated sulfuric acid

29
Q

bromination reactions have to be

A

heated with the alcohol

30
Q

when writing equations for bromination reactions

A

we write two separate equations, as the two reagents can react to make hydrogen bromide

31
Q

the two equations with for the bromination reaction (just the two reagents of the mixture)

A

KBr + H2SO4 = KHSO4 + HBr
or
2KBr + H2SO4 = K2SO4 + 2HBr
(hydrogen bromide is formed in both reactions)

32
Q

the other inorganic product (not HBr) formed in the reaction mixture in the reagents for bromination is

A

either potassium hydrogensulfate or potassium sulfate

33
Q

the symbol equation for the bromination of butan-1-ol is

A

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + HBr = CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + H2O

34
Q

iodination is carried out using

A

a mixture of red phosphorus and iodine

35
Q

the reaction mixture for iodination is (conditions)

A

heated under reflux

36
Q

when writing equations for iodination reactions,

A

we write two equations for the inorganic reagents in the mixture as they first react to produce phosphorus(III) iodide

37
Q

the two inorganic reagents in the iodination reaction first react to form

A

phosphorus(III) iodide

38
Q

the equation for the reaction of the two inorganic reagents in iodination reactions (red phosphorous and iodine) is

A

2P + 3I2 = 2PI3

39
Q

the equation for the iodination of ethanol is

A

3CH3CH2OH + PI3 = 3CH3CH2I + H3PO3

40
Q

the compound H3PO3 is called and also known as

A

called phosphonic acid and is known as phosphorous acid

41
Q

alcohols can be……… to form alkenes

A

dehydrated

42
Q

dehydration of alcohols is done by

A

heating the alcohol with concentrated phosphoric acid

43
Q

dehydration reactions of alcohols are similar to

A

elimination reactions of halogenoalkanes

44
Q

dehydration reactions of alcohols are similar to elimination reactions of halogenoalkanes because

A

in both the OH group and a H atom from an adjacent carbon atom is removed and a double C=C bond formed

45
Q

a halogenation reaction results

A

in the displacement of the hydroxyl group in an alcohol molecule by a halogen atom

46
Q

a dehydration reaction results

A

in the removal of the hydroxyl group in an alcohol molecule, together with a hydrogen atom from an adjacent carbon atom, forming a C=C double bond

47
Q

the dehydration of butan-2-ol can produce two products (apart from water):

A

but-1-ene and but-2-ene and both produce water

48
Q

the two equations for the dehydration of but-2-ol are

A 
CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3 = H2C=CHCH2CH3 + H2O
and
CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3 = CH2HC=CHCH3 + H2O
49
Q

but-2-ene exists as

A

two E-Z isomers, so when but-2-ol is dehydrated, it is correct that there are three possible products, but-1-ene and the two forms of but-2-ene

50
Q

in dehydration reactions of alcohols, we do not show…….in the equation because it………….

A

the phosphoric acid as this is just diluted by the water produced

Topic 6.4 (Alcohols) (4 decks)

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