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Chemistry 6 - Organic Chemistry > Alcohols and some of their Reactions > Flashcards

Alcohols and some of their Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

what are alcohols

A
  • a homologous series of compounds

- with the general formula CnH2n+1OH

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2
Q

what are alcohols usually the product of

A

halogenalkanes going through hydrolysis

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3
Q

what symbol is used to represent an alkyl group

A

R

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4
Q

using that symbol, what is the simplified formula of an alcohol

A

ROH

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5
Q

what is a primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol

A
  • a primary alcohol has the OH group bonded to only one carbon atom or alkyl group
  • a secondary has it bonded to two
  • and a tertiary has it bonded to three
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6
Q

what would be the abbreviated formula for primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

A
  • for primary it is ROH
  • for secondary it is R2CHOH
  • for tertiary it is R3COH
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7
Q

what are the three reactions of alcohols covered in this section

A
  • combustion
  • conversions to halogenalkanes
  • dehydration of alkenes
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8
Q

what is the equation for the complete combustion of ethanol

A

C2H5OH + 3O2 = 2CO2 + 3H2O

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9
Q

what do the conversions of halogenalkanes invlove

A

replacing the hydroxyl group in an alcohol molecule with a halogen atom

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10
Q

what is the other name of this reaction that could be used, but what is the catch

A
  • halogenation
  • but adding a halogen to an alcohol doesnt work
  • so different methods are needed for each halogen
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11
Q

what is the chlorination of an alcohol carried out using

A
  • phosphorus V chloride

- a white solid also known as phosphorus pentachloride

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12
Q

why does the reaction between an alcohol and phosphorus V chloride not need heating

A

because the reaction is very vigorous and exothermic itself

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13
Q

what are the two inorganic products in this reaction

A

hydrochloric acid and phosphorus oxychloride

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14
Q

what is the structural formula equation for the reaction between propan-1-ol and phosphorus pentachloride

A

CH3-CH2-CH2OH + PCl5 = CH3CH2CH2Cl + POCl3 + HCl

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15
Q

how is the chlorination of tertiary alcohols done

A

the alcohol is mixed with concentrated hydrochloric acid, by shaking, at room temp

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16
Q

what is used to carry out bromination

A
  • a mixture of potassium bromide

- and 50% concentrated sulfuric acid

17
Q

what is done to carry out bromination

A

the reaction mixture is simply warmed with with the alcohol

18
Q

what are the two inorganic products that could be produced and the product you want from either reaction

A
  • you can get either potassium hydrogensulfate or potassium sulfate
  • however the product you want from both reactions is hydrogen bromide
19
Q

what is the hydrogen bromide then used to do

A

react with the alcohol

20
Q

what would be the equation of the reaction between hydrogen bromide and butan-1-ol

A

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2OH + HBr = CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2Br + H2O

21
Q

what is used to carry iodination out and how is it done

A
  • a mixture of red phosphorus and iodine is used

- the reaction mixture including the alcohol is heated under a reflux

22
Q

what do the two inorganic reagents from when they react and what is the equation for this

A
  • phosphorus (III) iodide

- 2P + 3I2 = 2PI3

23
Q

what would the equation for the reaction between phosphorus iodide and ethanol

A

3C2H5OH + PI3 = 3C2H5I + H3PO3

24
Q

what is the name of the inorganic product produced in this reaction

A

phosphonic / phosphorous acid

25
Q

how is the dehydration of alcohols carried out

A

by heating the alcohol with concentrated phosphoric acid

26
Q

what happens during this reaction

A
  • the OH group and a hydrogen atom from an adjacent carbon atom is removed
  • causing a C=C bond to form between the carbon atoms
27
Q

why is this reaction called dehydration

A

because water is the inorganic product

28
Q

what are the equations for the dehydration of butan-2-ol, without having to include the phosphoric acid

A
  • CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3 = CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + H2O

- CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3 = CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + H2O

29
Q

what is the difference between the two organic products

A
  • the first one is but-1-ene

- the second one is but-2-ene

30
Q

why are there actually three different types of organic products that could form from this reaction

A
  • because but-2-ene has two different isomeric forms using the E-Z notation
  • including the but-1-ene which only has itself, it makes three
31
Q

what happens to the phosphoric acid in the reaction

A

the water mixes with it and dilutes it

Chemistry 6 - Organic Chemistry (20 decks)

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