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CH4 > Alcohols and Phenol > Flashcards

Alcohols and Phenol Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the half equation for potassium permanganate?

A
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1
Q

Whats the half equation for a primary alcohol being oxidised to a carboxylic acid?

A
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1
Q

Whats the equation of the reaction between phenol and bromine?

A

*photo*

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2
Q

What do oxidising agents do?

A

They cause compounds to lose electrons

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2
Q

Write out the equation for the reaction of ethanol and ethanoyl chloride and name the products formed.

A
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2
Q

What does an elimination reaction of a primary alcohol always produce?

A

An alkene.

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3
Q

WHat is the final colour and ion for potassium permanganate?

A

slightly pink/almost clear, Mn2+.

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3
Q

Whats the equation of the reaction between phenol and water?

A
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4
Q

If a test solution has a negative result when treated with anhydrous zinc chloride and concentrated hydrochloric acid, what type of alcohol is it?

A

A primary alcohol.

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5
Q

Where is the H lost from in esterification?

A

The alcohol.

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6
Q

What is the ion for potassium dichromate?

A

(Cr2O7)2-

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7
Q

Show and name the mechanism of the formation of a primary alcohol from iodoethane and sodium hydroxide.

A

Nucleophilic substitution *photo*

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7
Q

What is the overall equation for the nucleophilic substitution of brominated propane?

A

C3H7Br + NaOH (arrow) CH3H7OH + NaBr

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7
Q

Give examples of substances with carbonyl groups.

A

Carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, amides, esters.

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7
Q

What is the Lucas test?

A

Treating an alcohol with anhydrous zinc chloride (catalyst) in concentrated hydrochloric acid.

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7
Q

How do you name an ester?

A

Name from the alcohol end to the acid end, add the suffix -yl to the end of the alcohol instead of the -ol. Add the suffix -oate to the end of the acid instead of -oic acid.

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8
Q

If a test solution turns cloudy immediately when treated with anhydrous zinc chloride and concentrated hydrochloric acid, what type of alcohol is it?

A

A tertiary alcohol.

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9
Q

Give the equation of the reaction of HBr with a primary alcohol.

A
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10
Q

What is the test result of a secondary alcohol in the Lucas test?

A

A negative result/no visible change.

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10
Q

Whats the half equation for potassium dichromate?

A
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11
Q

What do you produce when you dehydrate a primary alcohol?

A

An alkene and water.

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13
Q

What type of alcohol does a ketone reduce to?

A

Secondary alcohol

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15
Q

What is ethanoyl chloride?

A

An acyl chloride.

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17
Q

What reducing agents are used to reduce carbonyl compounds? Which is stable in water?

A

NaBH4 (is stable in water), or LiAlH4 (isn’t stable in water)

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19
Q

What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol?

A

1st oxidation -> aldehyde 2nd oxidation -> carboxylic acid

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20
Q

How do you get a carboxylic acid out of a tertiary alcohol?

A

In extreme conditions with undergo elimination.

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21
Q

What is a secondary alcohol?

A

An alcohol with two CH3 groups.

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22
Q

What is the overall equation for the nucleophilic substitution of iodoethane?

A

C2H5I + NaOH (arrow) C2H5OH +NaI

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23
Q

What is the test result of a tertiary alcohol in the Lucas test?

A

It turns cloudy immediately.

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25
Q

Write the equation for the reaction between ethanol and propanoic acid, giving the names of the products.

A
26
Q

Whats the equation of the reaction between phenol and ethanoyl chloride?

A

*photo*

27
Q

What is the ion for potassium permanganate?

A

(MnO4)-

28
Q

Whats the equation of the reaction between phenol and NaOH?

A
29
Q

Name the ester formed when propanol and butanoic acid are reacted

A

Propyl butanoate.

31
Q

What is the structure of phenol?

A
32
Q

Give the equation of the reaction of HBr with a secondary alcohol.

A
33
Q

Give the equation of the reaction between propan-2-ol and butan-4-oic acid, giving the names of the products formed.

A

*photo*

34
Q

How do you get a ketone from a secondary alcohol?

A

Mild - heating the alcohol with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) Vigorous - heating the alcohol with potassium permanganate (KMnO4)

35
Q

If the test solution turns cloudy after a few minutes in the Lucas test, what type of alcohol is it?

A

A secondary alcohol.

36
Q

What is the structure of an ester bond?

A

*photo*

37
Q

What can be used as a biofuel?

A

Ethanol.

38
Q

How do you make an ester?

A

React a carboxylic acid with an alcohol using heat and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

39
Q

How do you get an aldehyde from a primary alcohol?

A

by heating the alcohol with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

40
Q

What type of alcohol does an aldehyde reduce to?

A

Primary alcohol

41
Q

How do you get a carboxylic acid from a primary alcohol?

A

Mild - heating the alcohol with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) Vigorous - heating the alcohol with potassium permanganate (KMnO4)

42
Q

If the test solution immediately turns cloudy in the Lucas test, what type of alcohol is it?

A

A tertiary alcohol

43
Q

What do reducing agents do?

A

Cause compounds to gain electrons

44
Q

What does sulfuric acid do in esterification?

A

It dehydrates, by taking away the H2O from the reactants and works as a catalyst by pushing the reaction to the right hand side to produce more ester and water.

44
Q

What is the equation for the elimination of primary alcohols?

A

*photo*

45
Q

What is an ester?

A

A sweet smelling organic compound.

46
Q

What type of alcohol is the most stable?

A

Tertiary alcohol.

47
Q

If a test solution turns cloudy after a few minutes when treated with anhydrous zinc chloride and concentrated hydrochloric acid, what type of alcohol is it?

A

A secondary alcohol.

48
Q

What is the product of oxidation of a secondary alcohol?

A

Ketone.

49
Q

What is the initial colour of the potassium permanganate ion?

A

Purple.

51
Q

What is the final colour change for potassium dichromate? What ion is left?

A

Green, cr3+

52
Q

What is a biofuel?

A

A fuel made from biological material that has recently died.

54
Q

If the test solution has a negative result in the Lucas test, what type of alcohol is it?

A

A primary alcohol

55
Q

Show and name the mechanism of the formation of a secondary alcohol from a brominated propane.

A

Nucleophilic substitution *photo*

57
Q

What is the test result of a secondary alcohol in the Lucas test?

A

It turns cloudy after a few minutes.

58
Q

What is the colour change when FeCl3 is added to phenol?

A

yellow/orange to purple.

59
Q

What is an elimination reaction?

A

A dehydration reaction.

60
Q

What is the alternative reaction for the oxidation of alcohols?

A

Passing the alcohol vapor over copper turnings at 500°C with the liberation of hydrogen.

61
Q

What type of alcohol is the least stable?

A

Primary alcohol.

63
Q

Give the equation of the production of HBr in situ.

A
65
Q

What is the initial colour for the potassium dichromate ion?

A

Orange.

66
Q

What is a primary alcohol?

A

An alcohol with one CH3 group.

67
Q

What are the two ways to make alcohols?

A

Nucleophilic substitution and reduction of an aldehyde

68
Q

Give the general equation of making an ester.

A
68
Q

What part does ethanoyl chloride play in esterification?

A

It acts like a carboxylic acid and loses its Cl when its been reacted.

69
Q

Does phenol act as an acid or an alcohol?

A

Both

71
Q

What does “in situ” mean?

A

The reactant is being made at the same time as its being used up in the opposite reaction.

72
Q

Whats the half equation for a primary alcohol (aldehyde step)?

A
73
Q

How do you dehydrate a primary alcohol?

A

By using sulfuric acid and heating it to 180*C

74
Q

Where is the OH lost from in esterification?

A

The carboxylic acid.

CH4 (9 decks)

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