Alcohols and Phenol Flashcards
Whats the half equation for potassium permanganate?
Whats the half equation for a primary alcohol being oxidised to a carboxylic acid?
Whats the equation of the reaction between phenol and bromine?
*photo*
What do oxidising agents do?
They cause compounds to lose electrons
Write out the equation for the reaction of ethanol and ethanoyl chloride and name the products formed.
What does an elimination reaction of a primary alcohol always produce?
An alkene.
WHat is the final colour and ion for potassium permanganate?
slightly pink/almost clear, Mn2+.
Whats the equation of the reaction between phenol and water?
If a test solution has a negative result when treated with anhydrous zinc chloride and concentrated hydrochloric acid, what type of alcohol is it?
A primary alcohol.
Where is the H lost from in esterification?
The alcohol.
What is the ion for potassium dichromate?
(Cr2O7)2-
Show and name the mechanism of the formation of a primary alcohol from iodoethane and sodium hydroxide.
Nucleophilic substitution *photo*
What is the overall equation for the nucleophilic substitution of brominated propane?
C3H7Br + NaOH (arrow) CH3H7OH + NaBr
Give examples of substances with carbonyl groups.
Carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, amides, esters.
What is the Lucas test?
Treating an alcohol with anhydrous zinc chloride (catalyst) in concentrated hydrochloric acid.
How do you name an ester?
Name from the alcohol end to the acid end, add the suffix -yl to the end of the alcohol instead of the -ol. Add the suffix -oate to the end of the acid instead of -oic acid.
If a test solution turns cloudy immediately when treated with anhydrous zinc chloride and concentrated hydrochloric acid, what type of alcohol is it?
A tertiary alcohol.
Give the equation of the reaction of HBr with a primary alcohol.
What is the test result of a secondary alcohol in the Lucas test?
A negative result/no visible change.
Whats the half equation for potassium dichromate?
What do you produce when you dehydrate a primary alcohol?
An alkene and water.
What type of alcohol does a ketone reduce to?
Secondary alcohol
What is ethanoyl chloride?
An acyl chloride.
What reducing agents are used to reduce carbonyl compounds? Which is stable in water?
NaBH4 (is stable in water), or LiAlH4 (isn’t stable in water)
What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol?
1st oxidation -> aldehyde 2nd oxidation -> carboxylic acid
How do you get a carboxylic acid out of a tertiary alcohol?
In extreme conditions with undergo elimination.
What is a secondary alcohol?
An alcohol with two CH3 groups.
What is the overall equation for the nucleophilic substitution of iodoethane?
C2H5I + NaOH (arrow) C2H5OH +NaI
What is the test result of a tertiary alcohol in the Lucas test?
It turns cloudy immediately.
Write the equation for the reaction between ethanol and propanoic acid, giving the names of the products.
Whats the equation of the reaction between phenol and ethanoyl chloride?
*photo*
What is the ion for potassium permanganate?
(MnO4)-
Whats the equation of the reaction between phenol and NaOH?
Name the ester formed when propanol and butanoic acid are reacted
Propyl butanoate.
What is the structure of phenol?
Give the equation of the reaction of HBr with a secondary alcohol.
Give the equation of the reaction between propan-2-ol and butan-4-oic acid, giving the names of the products formed.
*photo*
How do you get a ketone from a secondary alcohol?
Mild - heating the alcohol with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) Vigorous - heating the alcohol with potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
If the test solution turns cloudy after a few minutes in the Lucas test, what type of alcohol is it?
A secondary alcohol.
What is the structure of an ester bond?
*photo*
What can be used as a biofuel?
Ethanol.
How do you make an ester?
React a carboxylic acid with an alcohol using heat and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
How do you get an aldehyde from a primary alcohol?
by heating the alcohol with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
What type of alcohol does an aldehyde reduce to?
Primary alcohol
How do you get a carboxylic acid from a primary alcohol?
Mild - heating the alcohol with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) Vigorous - heating the alcohol with potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
If the test solution immediately turns cloudy in the Lucas test, what type of alcohol is it?
A tertiary alcohol
What do reducing agents do?
Cause compounds to gain electrons
What does sulfuric acid do in esterification?
It dehydrates, by taking away the H2O from the reactants and works as a catalyst by pushing the reaction to the right hand side to produce more ester and water.
What is the equation for the elimination of primary alcohols?
*photo*
What is an ester?
A sweet smelling organic compound.
What type of alcohol is the most stable?
Tertiary alcohol.
If a test solution turns cloudy after a few minutes when treated with anhydrous zinc chloride and concentrated hydrochloric acid, what type of alcohol is it?
A secondary alcohol.
What is the product of oxidation of a secondary alcohol?
Ketone.
What is the initial colour of the potassium permanganate ion?
Purple.
What is the final colour change for potassium dichromate? What ion is left?
Green, cr3+
What is a biofuel?
A fuel made from biological material that has recently died.
If the test solution has a negative result in the Lucas test, what type of alcohol is it?
A primary alcohol
Show and name the mechanism of the formation of a secondary alcohol from a brominated propane.
Nucleophilic substitution *photo*
What is the test result of a secondary alcohol in the Lucas test?
It turns cloudy after a few minutes.
What is the colour change when FeCl3 is added to phenol?
yellow/orange to purple.
What is an elimination reaction?
A dehydration reaction.
What is the alternative reaction for the oxidation of alcohols?
Passing the alcohol vapor over copper turnings at 500°C with the liberation of hydrogen.
What type of alcohol is the least stable?
Primary alcohol.
Give the equation of the production of HBr in situ.
What is the initial colour for the potassium dichromate ion?
Orange.
What is a primary alcohol?
An alcohol with one CH3 group.
What are the two ways to make alcohols?
Nucleophilic substitution and reduction of an aldehyde
Give the general equation of making an ester.
What part does ethanoyl chloride play in esterification?
It acts like a carboxylic acid and loses its Cl when its been reacted.
Does phenol act as an acid or an alcohol?
Both
What does “in situ” mean?
The reactant is being made at the same time as its being used up in the opposite reaction.
Whats the half equation for a primary alcohol (aldehyde step)?
How do you dehydrate a primary alcohol?
By using sulfuric acid and heating it to 180*C
Where is the OH lost from in esterification?
The carboxylic acid.
