Alcohols Flashcards
Antidote for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
Ethanol
Ratio of alcohol dependence in men and women
1 in 5 men
1 in 12 women
Antabuse reaction treatment
Vitamin C + Ferrum, both IV
Ethanol poisoning treatment
Oxygen therapy
IV Fluids
Sedatives or antipsychotics
Symptomatic treatment (hypoglycemia treatment, electrolyte imbalance treatment, and liver failure treatment)
Physostigmine
Naloxone
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome treatment (med):
IV Fluids
B-blockers
Sedatives (benzodiazepines- diazepam and lorazepam)
Haloperidol
Median lethal dose of Methanol
100ml
Treatment of methanol poisoning
Sodium bicarbonate
Antidote: ethanol, fomepizole (inh of alcohol dehydrogenase)
Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning
Sodium bicarbonate, Ca supp
Antidote: ethanol, fomepizole
What are the three enzymes that can convert alcohol to acetaldehyde?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
CYP 450
Catalase
What is reverse tolerance?
It means that people with liver damage produce less alcohol dehydrogenase than those with healthy liver and become more intoxicated at smaller doses of alcohol
What is Antabuse reaction and symptoms
It is the drug that makes people sick if taken with alcohol because it binds and inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.
Symptoms include; Facial flushing, headaches, nausea, vomiting and heart palpitations
Which formula is used to estimate peak blood alcohol concentration?
Widmark formula
What tests do we use for alcohol intoxication?
Breath test
Blood test
Saliva test
Ethanol poisoning metabolic effects
Hypoglycemia Hypokalemia Hypocalcemia Hypophosphatemia Hypomagnesemia Alcoholic ketoacidosis
What is the metabolite of methanol and what does it cause?
The metabolite is called formic acid and it causes permanent blindness by destructing optic nerve
When do you correct metabolic acidosis and what do you give?
You correct it when pH is less than 7 and you give sodium bicarbonate
Organs involved in methanol intoxication
Optic nerve Central nervous system Kidneys Liver Heart
