Alcohols Flashcards
What defines alcohols?
Alcohols are substituted alkanes where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with a hydroxyl functional group, denoted as –OH.
How are alcohols prepared from haloalkanes?
Alcohols are prepared from haloalkanes through substitution reactions.
What is the method to prepare alcohols from alkenes?
Alcohols are prepared from alkenes through acid-catalysed hydration (addition).
How can alcohols be obtained from aldehydes and ketones?
Alcohols can be obtained from aldehydes and ketones through reduction using a reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride.
What is the result of the dehydration of alcohols?
Dehydration of alcohols results in the formation of alkenes.
How are primary alcohols oxidised?
Primary alcohols are oxidised to form aldehydes and then carboxylic acids.
What reagents are commonly used for the oxidation of primary alcohols?
Acidified permanganate, acidified dichromate, or hot copper(II) oxide.
How are secondary alcohols oxidised?
Secondary alcohols are oxidised to form ketones.
What is the product of the reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids, using concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated phosphoric acid as catalysts?
Esters are formed.
Which reactive metals can alcohols react with to form alcoholic alkoxides?
Alcohols can react with reactive metals such as potassium or sodium.
What is the product when alcoholic alkoxides react with monohaloalkanes?
Ethers are formed.
How does the presence of hydroxyl groups affect the properties of alcohols?
Hydroxyl groups make alcohols polar, leading to hydrogen bonding which influences properties such as boiling points, melting points, viscosity, and solubility or miscibility in water.
