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Chemistry > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the functions of alcohols?

A

Hydroxyl -OH

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2
Q

What is the other name for alcohols?

A

Alkanols

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3
Q

What isomers?

A

Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula and different structural formula.

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4
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

It shows the number and types of atoms present e.g. C4H8

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5
Q

What is the full structural formula?

A

Shows all the bond.

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6
Q

What is the shortened structural formula?

A

Shows the atoms attached to each carbon in the main chain

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7
Q

What are primary alcohols?

A

The carbon attached to the hydroxyl group is attached to two hydrogen atoms.

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8
Q

What are secondary alcohols?

A

The carbon attached to the hydroxyl group is attached to one hydrogen atoms.

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9
Q

What are tertiary alcohols?

A

The carbon attached to the hydroxyl group is attached to no hydrogen atoms.

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10
Q

What is formed from partial oxidation of a primary alcohol?

A

2 hydrogen atoms are lost forming an alkanal (aldehyde).

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11
Q

What is formed from partial oxidation of a secondary alcohol?

A

2 hydrogen atoms are lost forming an alkanone (ketone)

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12
Q

What is the functional group of a aldehyde and ketone?

A

Carbonyl

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13
Q

What is formed from partial oxidation of a tertiary alcohol?

A

It can’t oxidise

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14
Q

What is formed when there a aldehyde is oxidised?

A

The addition of an oxygen atom forms a carboxyl acid.

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15
Q

What is formed in the reduction of a carboxylic acid?

A

There is a loss of an oxygen atom forming an aldehyde.

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16
Q

What is formed in the reduction of a ketone?

A

There is a gain of 2 hydrogen atoms forming a secondary alcohol.

17
Q

What is formed in the reduction of an aldehyde?

A

There is a gain of 2 hydrogen atoms forming a primary alcohol.

18
Q

What is glucose?

A

Glucose is a reducing sugar which reduces copper(II)ions to copper (I) ion by undergoing oxidation. This is the chemistry behind the ‘Benedict’s test’

19
Q

What happens when an aldehyde is oxidised with acidified potassium dichromate?

A

The orange solution turns to a green/blue.

20
Q

What happens when an aldehyde is oxidised with Fehling’s or benedict’s solution?

A

The orange solution turns to a orange precipitate.

21
Q

What happens when an aldehyde is oxidised with Tollen’s reagent?

A

The colourless solution turns to a silver mirror.

22
Q

What happens to an alcohol when it is oxidised with copper (II) oxide?

A

The alcohol will become a carboxylic acid and will turn pH paper red with the presence of a carboxylic acid.

Chemistry (8 decks)

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