Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Stage 2: Inflammation > Alcoholic Liver Disease > Flashcards

Alcoholic Liver Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What age group is ALD most present in?

A

45-64

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What would be a common presentation of liver/biliary problems?

A
  • Drinks a bottle of wine a night (9 units)
  • Painless jaundice for 2 weeks
  • Weight loss 6 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What investigations would you do for someone presenting with liver/biliary problems?

A
  • Bilirubin (BR)
  • Alk phos
  • ALT
  • Albumin
  • CT scan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What would the LFTs and albumin results be like?

A
  • High BR
  • V high alk phos
  • High ALT
  • Low albumin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is alkaline phosphatase?

A

Biliary enzyme, high = sign of cholestasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What tubes are there in the liver?

A
  • Biliary tree
  • Portal system
  • Hepatic veins and arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do thick black lines in the liver suggest on a CT?

A
  • Very prominent bile ducts

- Suggests something has blocked the bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What else on the CT would suggest biliary obstruction?

A

Large and wide common bile duct (2cm wide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can be put in the bile duct to relieve jaundice?

A

A metal stent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do the high LFTs, low albumin and enlarged bile ducts suggest?

A

High grade Hodgkin B cell lymphoma of diffuse large B cells type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How might someone with ALD present?

A
  • Heavy drinker
  • Painless jaundice 3 weeks
  • Swollen abdomen over last month
  • Spider naevi
  • Dupytren’s contractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What investigations would you do for ALD?

A
  • BR
  • ALT
  • Alk phos
  • Albumin
  • INR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do you measure INR in liver disease?

A

One main job of the liver is to create vitamin K clotting factors, so if not working, INR increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is normal INR?

A

1-1.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What investigation results would you get for someone with ALD?

A
  • V high BR
  • High alk phos
  • V high ALT
  • V low Albumin
  • High INR (2.1)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What group of people might just have spider naevi normally?

A

Women

17
Q

What are spider naevi due to?

A

Chronic liver disease - oestrogen is not broken down as it should be, leading to vascular effects

18
Q

What is Dupytren’s contracture due to?

A

Thickened fascia

19
Q

What are two key features of acute on chronic liver disease/decompensated chronic liver disease?

A

1) Jaundice

2) Ascites (due to portal HTN and cirrhosis)

20
Q

Why might someone with ALD have scoriations?

A

Jaundice is itchy

21
Q

What is the Child-Pugh classification of cirrhosis?

A

A measure of the degree of decompensation

22
Q

What score on Child-Pugh is grade C and high?

A

> 10 (max 15)

23
Q

What should you assume in someone with ALD?

A

That they have vitamin deficiencies esp. thiamine

24
Q

What do you do in order to not miss other causes of liver disease?

A

A liver screen

25
Q

What does a liver screen consist of?

A
  • Abdominal ultrasound
  • Autoimmune screen
  • Caeruloplasmin (< 40 years)
  • Alpha-1 antitrypsin
  • Transferrin saturation
  • Hepatitis
26
Q

What would a biopsy in someone with ALD show?

A
  • Acute inflammation
  • Background fibrosis (alcohol related)
  • Infiltrated neutrophils
  • Fat in hepatocytes
  • Hyaline deposition
27
Q

What is used to calm down acute inflammation in decompensated ALD?

A

Prednisolone 40mg OD

28
Q

What is ‘alcoholic hepatitis’?

A

Toxic inflammation

29
Q

What are oesophageal varices?

A

Swollen veins bc of portal hypertension

30
Q

What is done to treat oesophageal varices?

A
  • Bleeding is stopped by tying off the varices with an elastic band
  • Can cause dysphagia
31
Q

What can happen in the chest due to acute liver disease?

A
  • Hepatic hydrothorax = massive pleural effusion (water in thoracic cavity)
  • Ascites goes to lungs
  • Respiratory failure
32
Q

What can ALD cause in the brain?

A

Encephalopathy

33
Q

Why might someone with liver failure have anaemia?

A

Due to bone marrow problems

34
Q

When can someone get a liver transplant with ALD?

A

No alcohol for 6 months

35
Q

What is the most severe liver failure?

A

Acute on chronic liver failure

36
Q

What are complications of decompensation?

A

Bleeding, encephalopathy, hydrothorax

37
Q

What type of cancer typically presents with painless jaundice?

A

Pancreatic cancer

38
Q

What condition would present with ureteric colic, pain and jaundice?

A

Stones

Stage 2: Inflammation (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions