Alcohol: Week 8

Question 1

3 mechanisms explain alcohol’s ability to cause medical, psychological, and social harm:

Answer 1

physical toxicity
intoxication
dependence

Question 2

Physical Toxicity

Answer 2

direct and indirect effects on a wide range of body organs and systems

Question 3

Alcohol related chronic disease

Answer 3

cancer, diabetes, Cardiovascular disease, low birth weight

Question 4

INTOXICATION

Answer 4

rapid blood alcohol level

results in injuries, accidents, and violence

Question 5

ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE

Answer 5

impaired control over drinking, high alcohol tolerance, and physical withdrawal symptoms.

impairs a person’s ability to control the frequency and amount of drinking.

Question 6

When alcohol consumption levels increase in a country, there tends to be an increase in the prevalence of heavy drinkers.

Answer 6

lay terms = the more people drink the more they tend to heavy drink

Question 7

do alcohol disorders increase or decrease with age ?

Answer 7

decreaseS

Question 8

Etiologic ModelsOF ALCOHOL (4)

Answer 8

positive affect
negative affect
pharm vulnerability/meds
Deviance proneness/childhood probs

Question 9

treatment ?

Answer 9

behavioral treatments are likely to be more effective than insight-oriented therapies

Question 10

do Residential Treatment work?

Answer 10

There is no consistent evidence that intensive in-patient treatment provides more benefit than less intensive outpatient treatment

Question 11

Residential treatment may be indicated for patients who:

Answer 11

1) are highly resistant to treatment;
2) have few financial resources;
3) come from environments that are not conducive to recovery;
4) have more serious, coexisting medical or psychiatric conditions

Question 12

Residential treatment may be indicated for patients who:

Answer 12

1) are highly resistant to treatment;
2) have few financial resources;
3) come from environments that are not conducive to recovery;
4) have more serious, coexisting medical or psychiatric conditions

Question 13

Adjuncts to treatment

Answer 13

Naltrexone (opioid antagonist) & AA

Question 14

Is Alcohol Treatment Effective?

Answer 14

The intensity and duration of treatment are not associated with outcome.

There is little evidence that any one psychotherapy or pharmacological approach is superior to others

Question 15

is it better to combine treatment?

Answer 15

Combination with behavior therapy expected to further improve outcomes

Question 16

Clinical Implications of Therapy Studies

Answer 16

access to treatment

The decision to enter treatment is associated with considerable reductions in drinking

The value of different types of treatment may be to convince clients that treatment is going to help them

Question 17

Conditions Associated with Alcohol Dependence

Answer 17

suicide
personality disorder
affective disorders
anxiety disorders

Question 18

do co-morbid cases require more intensive treatment ?

Answer 18

yes because they have a poorer clinical course

Co-morbidity with alcohol use disorders is widespread in general population

52% with alcohol disorder had a lifetime mental disorder

36% had a lifetime drug disorder

Question 19

Is there relationship between alcohol dependence and psychopathology?

Answer 19

YES

a risk factor for dependence

alter the course of alcohol use disorders

Psychiatric symptoms may be a consequence of drinking

Question 20

Other Research on The Role of Primary Psychopathology

Answer 20

Externalizing disorders and early-onset anxiety disorders typically precede and predict substance disorders, whereas the temporal-predictive relationships of substance disorders with mood disorders are more variable

Question 21

Could alcohol dependence be prevented by large-scale interventions aimed at prior mental disorders?

Answer 21

NO
A study said “The number of cases of mental disorder that would have to be treated to prevent a single case of alcohol dependence is estimated to be so high that this would not be cost-effective”

Question 22

Conclusion about alcohol use and co-morbidy ?

Answer 22

Psychiatric co-morbidity is prevalent in alcoholics

Most depressive, anxiety and psychotic symptomatology remit with abstinence

Excessive drinking can be both a cause and a consequence of psychiatric disorders

Question 23

‘Upstream’ sources of the damage

Answer 23

Affordable prices
Easy availability
A culture of universal drinking supported by aggressive marketing
Lack of regulatory controls

Question 24

the effect of Pricing and Taxation of alcohol

Answer 24

increase their drinking when prices are lowered

Increased alcohol taxes and prices are related to reductions
-Alcohol taxes are thus an attractive instrument of alcohol policy because they can be used both to generate direct revenue and to reduce alcohol-related harm.

Question 25

Other pricing measures

Answer 25

Minimum prices

Bans on happy hours

Question 26

Regulating Alcohol Availability NEG EFFECTS ?

Answer 26

increases in cross-border purchases, home production

Question 27

Regulating Alcohol Availability POS EFFECTS (2)

Answer 27

of restricting alcohol availability is cheap relative to the costs of health consequences related to drinking, especially heavy drinking

, laws that raise the minimum legal drinking age reduce alcohol sales and problems

Question 28

Does marketing affect alcohol use and abuse by young people?

Answer 28

adolescents may be especially attracted to risky branded products THAT LOOK GOOD

Repeated exposure to visual modeling can make even marginal behaviour seem normal and desirable by desensitizing the observer to the possible risks

Question 29

Effects of Alcohol Marketing

Answer 29

reinforces perceptions of drinking as positive, glamorous, and relatively risk-free.